Madison and Ashley Were in Many Theater Productions Together, and Madison

Multiple Choice

Madison and Ashley were in many theater productions together, and Madison always said, "Break a leg" to Ashley before a performance. Although it seemed silly at first, Ashley came to believe that Madison's saying this to her really did give her luck before a performance. The kind of thinking error shown in this example is most similar to:

A) magical thinking, and more specifically the law of contagion.
B) post-hoc, ergo propter hoc ("after this, therefore because of this") reasoning.
C) a reluctance to tempt fate or push her luck.
D) magical thinking, and more specifically the law of similarity.