Question 1

In Mary Boyle's work with coma victims, the reinforcer was .

Accepted Answer

A) food 
B) massage 
C) soothing words 
D) music

Question 2

A highly effective web-based instructional program designed to teach reading that makes use of reinforcement and shaping is called .

Accepted Answer

A) Head of the Class 
B) RedHeadReading 
C) HeadOverHeals Reading 
D) Headsprout

Question 3

Herbert Quay found evidence that the topics discussed by may be influenced by reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) psychotherapy clients 
B) clergy 
C) politicians 
D) talk show guests

Question 4

Herrnstein proposed that once a superstitious behavior occurs, it may be maintained by .

Accepted Answer

A) habit 
B) adventitious reinforcement 
C) cultural beliefs 
D) the Premack Principle

Question 5

Creative behavior is a function of its consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The opposite of learned helplessness is learned .

Accepted Answer

A) industriousness 
B) helpfulness 
C) constancy 
D) drive

Question 7

One idea for preventing learned helplessness is training.

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem 
B) inoculation 
C) immunization 
D) reality

Question 8

Describe the basic laboratory procedure for establishing superstitious behavior.Explain why it is usually difficult to specify in advance what superstitious behavior will result.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the basic laboratory procedure for establishing...

Question 9

William Verplanck's work on the reinforcement of verbal behavior showed that .

Accepted Answer

A) what people say depends in part on the reactions of other people to what is said 
B) it is hard to get people to express opinions 
C) people will stick to a topic if not interrupted 
D) the history of reinforcement affects the frequency of verbal behavior, but not its content

Question 10

Many people believe that excessive gambling is due to moral weakness, bad genes, or other flaws in the individual, but there is evidence that gambling may have more to do with the gambler's history of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

John gets into fights on a regular basis, always with formidable opponents.He has often been injured in these fights and knows that he runs the risk of sustaining serious brain damage or other permanent injuries, yet he continues to fight.John is a very successful professional boxer.This example illustrates that bizarre behavior .

Accepted Answer

A) can be a good way of making a living for those willing to take the risks 
B) is incomprehensible 
C) is less puzzling when the reinforcers maintaining it are known 
D) is sometimes a good solution to the problems people face

Question 12

In the treatment of long-standing self-injurious behavior, punishment is often .

Accepted Answer

A) ineffective 
B) effective 
C) effective, but the results are short-lived 
D) effective, but a new form of undesirable behavior typically appears

Question 13

Stuart Vyse's book on superstition is called .

Accepted Answer

A) Quest for Truth 
B) The Science of Mystery 
C) Believing in Magic 
D) Self-Deception

Question 14

Robert Epstein's banana experiment demonstrated that insight .

Accepted Answer

A) is a mysterious process that defies explanation 
B) occurs in people but not in animals 
C) accounts for the solution to problems 
D) depends on an organism's learning history

Question 15

Gordon Gallup provided evidence of self awareness in .

Accepted Answer

A) humans 
B) chimps 
C) pigeons 
D) rats

Question 16

The self-control technique of counting the number of times a behavior occurs is called .

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring 
B) recording 
C) tabulating 
D) data-cording

Question 17

Carr and McDowell found that Jim's scratching was reinforced mainly by .

Accepted Answer

A) teacher attention 
B) being laughed at by other students 
C) strange sensations he experienced from scratching 
D) parental attention

Question 18

Probably the best way of increasing the creativity of stories in an English class is to .

Accepted Answer

A) praise particularly original stories 
B) read all the stories to the class 
C) ask a professional writer to talk to the class 
D) create stress, since creative people are generally unhappy

Question 19

Charles Madsen and his colleagues asked a teacher to , This change in teacher behavior produced a marked reduction in misconduct

Accepted Answer

A) write a list of rules of conduct on the board 
B) reprimand students immediately when they misbehaved 
C) ignore misbehavior and praise students when they behaved well 
D) stop the class and discuss disruptions when they occurred

Question 20

What are the implications for psychotherapy of Quay's work on family recollections?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the implications for psychotherapy of...

Exam 8: Operant Applications and Interpretations