Question 1

What did Nowak (2003) discover regarding people's ability to predict whether interaction partners were male or female based on written text alone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Female participants could accurately predict their partners' sex but not male participants. 
B)  Participants accurately predicted the sex of the texts' author, but only when communication was synchronous. 
C)  Participants predicted with 80% accuracy whether the text was written by a male or female. 
D)  Participants were no better than chance at guessing whether the text was written by a male or female.

Question 2

Biologically speaking, girls and boys tend to display differences in temperament early in infancy, with boys showing higher ______ and girls showing higher ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  extroversion; introversion 
B)  aggression; social selectivity 
C)  arousal; impulse control 
D)  capacity to delay gratification; affiliation traits

Question 3

During interactions girls and women tend to touch more and report greater comfort with being touched.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Schwarz and colleagues (2013) created word clouds to represent male and female communication based on 700 million words, phrases, and topics sample from social media. According to the word clouds, which of the following words were men more likely to say?

Accepted Answer

A)  excited 
B)  science 
C)  xbox 
D)  tv

Question 5

Openly expressing emotions is more or less acceptable across different cultures because they have different ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gender equality 
B)  display rules 
C)  average levels of educational attainment 
D)  facial expressions for each emotion

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of sex differences in eye contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men are more likely than women to look away from women while they speak to them. 
B)  Women gaze at their interaction partners more than men do. 
C)  People gaze at women more than men. 
D)  The highest amount of mutual eye contact tends to occur among pairs of women.

Question 7

Samar and Alibakshi (2007) found that, in a sample of Iranian men and women, individuals with more ______ raised more topics (a sign of dominance) in mixed sex conversations.

Accepted Answer

A)  education 
B)  friends 
C)  traditional gender views 
D)  social skills

Question 8

Research on display rules reveals that women face social penalties for expressing sadness and men face penalties for expressing anger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Stout and Dasgupta (2011) found that use of generic masculine language in interviews can have what effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase men's motivation and identification with the job 
B)  decrease women's feelings of belongingness 
C)  increase hypothetical salaries offered to men 
D)  decrease the interviewer's ratings of women's suitability for the job

Question 10

Beginning to cry after seeing a stranger crying upon the death of her dog is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive empathy 
B)  emotional contagion 
C)  encoding accuracy 
D)  codes switching

Question 11

In conversation, males are more likely to use ______ interruptions and females more likely to use ______ interruptions.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusive; supportive 
B)  hostile; benevolent 
C)  logical; emotional 
D)  agentic; communal

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of code switching?

Accepted Answer

A)  a person who is able to switch back and forth between different gender identities 
B)  a rapid shift in cultural or moral norms, such as changes in views toward same-sex relationships among people in the United States 
C)  Black college students switching between standard English and vernacular Black English to emphasize credibility in the classroom and Black identity respectively 
D)  someone who has lived in multiple cultures throughout his or her life and maintains separate cognitive schemas for each

Question 13

Moshe Koppel and colleagues (2002) created a computer program to test whether men and women use language differently. To what extent could the computer program accurately identify whether something was written by man or woman?

Accepted Answer

A)  no better than chance (about 50% accuracy) 
B)  well above chance (about 80% accuracy) 
C)  80% accuracy but only for fictional writing 
D)  80% accuracy but only for nonfiction writing

Question 14

Which of the following conditions produces the largest sex differences in empathic accuracy?

Accepted Answer

A)  When participants know they are being evaluated on empathy 
B)  When empathy is evaluated during childhood 
C)  In countries high in gender equality 
D)  When examined outside the lab, in field studies

Question 15

Nations that have gendered languages also have lower levels of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  religiosity 
B)  violent crime 
C)  sexism 
D)  gender equality

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true of sex differences in self-disclosure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women disclose more than men do to female partners. 
B)  There is no sex difference in self-disclosure to male partners. 
C)  Men disclose slightly more to same-sex partners than women do. 
D)  Women disclose more to same-sex others than men do.

Question 17

The "different cultures approach" would predict that, upon close examination, gender differences in communication style will be small and trivial.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Tanya Vacharkilksemsuk and colleagues (2016) found that ______ body postures helped both men and women seem more attractive during speed dating

Accepted Answer

A)  submissive 
B)  dominant 
C)  expansive 
D)  socially distant

Question 19

Henley (1995) found Black women in the United States tend to use more ______ language than White women.

Accepted Answer

A)  assertive 
B)  emotional 
C)  relational 
D)  concrete

Question 20

What makes the question, "Who is more emotional - women or men?" complicated and difficult to answer? Explain two different ways of interpreting this question, then provide an answer for whether men or women are more emotional according to both interpretations. Support you answer with research findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What makes the question, "Who is more...

Exam 8: Language, Communication, and Emotion

What did Nowak (2003) discover regarding people's ability to predict whether interaction partners were male or female based on written text alone?

Biologically speaking, girls and boys tend to display differences in temperament early in infancy, with boys showing higher and girls showing higher .

During interactions girls and women tend to touch more and report greater comfort with being touched.

Schwarz and colleagues (2013) created word clouds to represent male and female communication based on 700 million words, phrases, and topics sample from social media. According to the word clouds, which of the following words were men more likely to say?

Openly expressing emotions is more or less acceptable across different cultures because they have different ______.

Which of the following is NOT true of sex differences in eye contact?

Samar and Alibakshi (2007) found that, in a sample of Iranian men and women, individuals with more ______ raised more topics (a sign of dominance) in mixed sex conversations.

Research on display rules reveals that women face social penalties for expressing sadness and men face penalties for expressing anger.

Stout and Dasgupta (2011) found that use of generic masculine language in interviews can have what effect?

Beginning to cry after seeing a stranger crying upon the death of her dog is an example of ______.

In conversation, males are more likely to use interruptions and females more likely to use interruptions.

Which of the following is an example of code switching?

Moshe Koppel and colleagues (2002) created a computer program to test whether men and women use language differently. To what extent could the computer program accurately identify whether something was written by man or woman?

Which of the following conditions produces the largest sex differences in empathic accuracy?

Nations that have gendered languages also have lower levels of ______.

Which of the following is NOT true of sex differences in self-disclosure?

The "different cultures approach" would predict that, upon close examination, gender differences in communication style will be small and trivial.

Tanya Vacharkilksemsuk and colleagues (2016) found that ______ body postures helped both men and women seem more attractive during speed dating

Henley (1995) found Black women in the United States tend to use more ______ language than White women.