Question 1

Training people to detect lies _____ their ability _____ their confidence in their ability to discern lies.

Accepted Answer

A)  improves; but undermines 
B)  improves; and enhances 
C)  does not improve; but raises 
D)  does not improve; and thwarts

Question 2

A study by Kassin and his colleagues (2005) found that police detectives were _____ likely than college students to judge false confessions as true, and were _____ confident about their judgments.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; less 
B)  less; less 
C)  more; more 
D)  less; more

Question 3

Discuss the limitations of fMRI studies in the detection of deception.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the limitations of fMRI studies in...

Question 4

Compare and contrast the relevant-irrelevant test (RIT), the comparison question test (CQT), and the guilty knowledge test (GKT).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the relevant-irrelevant test (RIT),...

Question 5

There are several problems with standard polygraph techniques like CQT. Which of the following is NOT one of these problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  In some people, lying produces little physiological response. 
B)  There is lack of standardization and significant subjectivity in polygraph examiners' scoring. 
C)  People who do not have faith in the validity of the polygraph may not respond in the way examiners expect. 
D)  Polygraph examiners believe in the importance of their mission and skills.

Question 6

Studies show that those police officers who have passed through interrogation training:

Accepted Answer

A)  have improved abilities to detect lies when questioning suspects. 
B)  feel more confident in their judgments of lie detection even when wrong. 
C)  exhibit superior skills in detecting the exhaustion bias. 
D)  correctly estimate their lie detection abilities.

Question 7

If a person is lying, the polygraph can pick up the following changes in his or her physiological functions, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing. 
B)  perspiration. 
C)  heart rate. 
D)  brain activity.

Question 8

According to the text, EEG reads neural impulses _____, whereas fMRI reads brain activity _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuously; every 1.5 seconds 
B)  every 1.5 seconds; continuously 
C)  every hour; every minute 
D)  every minute; every hour

Question 9

According to research studying the effect of polygraph evidence on jurors, they tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)  downplay this evidence. 
B)  take this evidence seriously. 
C)  only trust this evidence if backed up by expert testimony. 
D)  only trust this evidence if two of more polygraph tests produce the same results.

Question 10

Considering substantial state differences in the admissibility of polygraph evidence in court, the results of a polygraph examination may be especially crucial:

Accepted Answer

A)  before trial. 
B)  during cross-examination. 
C)  during trial if addressed in expert testimony. 
D)  after trial but before the appeal process starts.

Question 11

The method of the guilty knowledge test (GKT) was developed by David Lykken to remedy some of the problems with the earlier methods of polygraph examination. Which of the following is NOT one of the problems it has alleviated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some people are emotionally nonreactive. 
B)  Innocent people may react strongly to crime-related questions. 
C)  People who do not have faith in the validity of the polygraph may not respond in the way examiners think they would. 
D)  Different makes and models of the polygraph machine may produce different results.

Question 12

Paula has been playing with her fingers and rings during the interrogation and tried to avoid direct eye contact with her interrogator. Most people would mistakenly conclude that she is hiding something. This erroneous belief is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  false-positive bias. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  false-positive stereotype. 
D)  liar's stereotype.

Question 13

The rates of accuracy of the polygraph have been calculated using controlled lab studies and mock crimes. These rates are likely to be somewhat inflated for the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects in these studies do not have much to lose. 
B)  lies that subjects in these studies tell are very simple. 
C)  the polygraph machines used in these studies are outdated. 
D)  subjects in these studies have not been trained in countermeasures.

Question 14

Some promising low-tech methods of lie detection include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  asking the suspects to tell their stories backwards. 
B)  insisting that suspects maintain eye contact with the interrogator. 
C)  making suspects listen to their own story recorded. 
D)  asking suspects to draw a picture.

Question 15

According to the text, the most prevalent use of the polygraph in the United States is:

Accepted Answer

A)  to detect and fire those who abuse illegal drugs. 
B)  by private non-governmental businesses. 
C)  in the criminal justice system. 
D)  for national security purposes.

Question 16

The comparison question test (CQT) polygraph technique utilizes comparison questions that are supposed to make a person uncomfortable (so called known lie questions). Which one of the following questions is NOT a good comparison question for CQT purposes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Did you ever do anything illegal or dishonest? 
B)  Have you ever tried a food you did not like? 
C)  Have you ever lied to get out of trouble? 
D)  Did you ever wish a person you hated got hurt?

Question 17

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lying is very common and widespread. 
B)  Deception makes social interactions go more smoothly. 
C)  Most people never tell lies. 
D)  There are a lot of different types of lies and reasons for lying.

Question 18

One of the most important tasks of the polygraph examiner using the standard procedures like CQT is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  complete lengthy preparations before the polygraph can be turned on. 
B)  fine-tune the polygraph readings to each suspect. 
C)  convince the examinee that the polygraph can always detect a lie. 
D)  conduct a debriefing after the procedure.

Question 19

The polygraph may be used as a _____ tactic to evoke _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  coercive; a confession 
B)  gentle; turning over the evidence 
C)  hidden; the naming of suspects 
D)  blunt; the sympathy of jurors

Question 20

According to the text, even though fMRI is a promising technique, it has multiple serious limitations. Which of the following is not one of these limitations?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person inside the fMRI machine must be motionless during the procedure. 
B)  The fMRI machine is highly portable. 
C)  The procedure is expensive. 
D)  Images of the brain can be taken no more rapidly than every 1.5 seconds.

Exam 3: Lie Detection

Training people to detect lies _ their ability _ their confidence in their ability to discern lies.

A study by Kassin and his colleagues (2005) found that police detectives were _ likely than college students to judge false confessions as true, and were _ confident about their judgments.