Question 1

All of the following statements are true about the use of torture in interrogations, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   there is no direct research on the effectiveness of torture.
B)   torture-based interrogations are likely to increase false confessions.
C)   there is clear research evidence that torture leads to extracting useful information.
D)   people who claim that "torture works" offer only anecdotal evidence to prove their point. C

Question 2

The ultimate goal of questioning suspects is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   elicit a confession.
B)   define parameters for a search.
C)   determine the best interrogation techniques.
D)   provide a basis for the DNA analysis. A

Question 3

The Reid technique is _____ used by police in the United States when questioning suspects. Establishing a sense of loss of control as part of this technique makes suspects feel _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   rarely; vulnerable
B)   often; empowered
C)   rarely; empowered
D)   often; vulnerable D

Question 4

What are some possible reforms that can be implemented to improve police interrogation procedures and reduce the risk of false confessions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some possible reforms that can...

Question 5

During the interrogation of a suspect, openly physical brutality was _____ prior to 1930.

Accepted Answer

A)   rarely used
B)   sometimes approved
C)   generally avoided
D)   frequently used

Question 6

Desiree has been sitting in the interrogation room for a while. She is not sure how long the interrogation can last or even if she can ask for food and water. She gets increasingly uncomfortable and worried. This situation illustrates which one of the four basic influence strategies inherent in the Reid technique?

Accepted Answer

A)   Loss of control.
B)   Exculpatory scenarios.
C)   Certainty of guilt.
D)   Minimization of culpability.

Question 7

Based on the text, the advantage of information-gathering techniques over accusatorial methods is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   both approaches increase the number of true confessions while information-gathering techniques reduce false confessions.
B)   both approaches increase the number of true confessions while accusatorial techniques reduce false confessions.
C)   information-gathering techniques can be used for the purposes of obtaining national-security intelligence while accusatorial techniques can only be used with domestic suspects.
D)   both approaches can be used for the purposes of obtaining national-security intelligence.

Question 8

According to the text, the most significant individual vulnerability in cases involving false confessions is:

Accepted Answer

A)   mental illness.
B)   youth.
C)   old age.
D)   physical disability.

Question 9

The fundamental attribution error, or the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional traits rather than situational pressures, is evident in the following pattern of thinking:

Accepted Answer

A)   Colin often lies but he was coerced to say the truth about what he saw and he did.
B)   The weather was terrible and so the burglar decided not to use the fire escape.
C)   Matthias was very tired and that is why he has quit the competition mid-way through.
D)   The robber stumbled because he was clumsy and not because the road was slippery.

Question 10

What is the situation with the use of deception by police during interrogations in the United States? How does the use of the Reid technique compare with the use of deception during interrogations in other countries, such as England and Wales? What are some worrisome moral implications of the use of deception by police during interrogations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the situation with the use...

Question 11

Jeremy purposely confessed to a crime he did not commit to cover up for his wife. This type of confession is referred to as an:

Accepted Answer

A)   instrumental-coerced confession.
B)   instrumental-voluntary confession.
C)   internalized-coerced confession.
D)   internalized-voluntary confession.

Question 12

All of the following traits can be defined as vulnerabilities to making a false confession, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   youth.
B)   mental illness.
C)   low intelligence.
D)   high aggression.

Question 13

Because of a long, exhausting interrogation, Kathryn just wanted the questioning to stop, so she confessed to the crime knowing that she did not commit it. This type of confession is called an:

Accepted Answer

A)   instrumental-coerced confession.
B)   instrumental-voluntary confession.
C)   internalized-coerced confession.
D)   internalized-voluntary confession.

Question 14

When the police utilize a good cop-bad cop approach, the suspect is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)   clam up and not talk at all.
B)   insist he is innocent in front of both cops.
C)   confess to the good cop when alone with him.
D)   confess to the bad cop when alone with him.

Question 15

Research in the field of social psychology has discovered that people tend to _____ the impact of situational forces, and this process is responsible for believing that suspects in police custody would _____ to a crime they did not commit.

Accepted Answer

A)   overestimate; confess
B)   overestimate; not confess
C)   disregard; confess
D)   disregard; not confess

Question 16

There are several vulnerabilities to making a false confession. The most dangerous vulnerability, according to the text, is:

Accepted Answer

A)   youth.
B)   mental illness.
C)   low intelligence.
D)   high aggression.

Question 17

Jillian had often suffered from a delusional behavior disorder. When brought in for questioning, she started out by confessing to a crime that she had taken no part in. The term used for this type of false confession is an:

Accepted Answer

A)   instrumental-coerced confession.
B)   instrumental-voluntary confession.
C)   internalized-coerced confession.
D)   internalized-voluntary confession.

Question 18

After a long interrogation, an innocent suspect comes to believe he has committed a crime despite having no memory of doing so. His interrogators have told him that he must have either "blacked out" during the commission of the crime or "repressed" his memory because the experience was so traumatic. His subsequent confession would be classified as an:

Accepted Answer

A)   instrumental-coerced confession.
B)   instrumental-voluntary confession.
C)   internalized-coerced confession.
D)   internalized-voluntary confession.

Question 19

According to the text, there are several likely reasons that innocent suspects may admit to a crime they know they did not commit. Which one of the following is NOT such a reason?

Accepted Answer

A)   Interrogation exhaustion leads to mental short-sightedness and a strong desire to escape the room.
B)   It is hard for the suspect being interrogated to maintain focus on his long-term goals.
C)   Interrogation techniques are designed to help the suspect sustain self-regulation.
D)   Innocent people believe their innocence will be obvious to the judge and jury at trial.

Question 20

After an intense interrogation process, Matthew became convinced that he robbed the store since all physical evidence pointed at him. This form of false confession is called an:

Accepted Answer

A)   instrumental-coerced confession.
B)   instrumental-voluntary confession.
C)   internalized-coerced confession.
D)   internalized-voluntary confession.

Exam 2: Presents Several Potential Solutions to the Problem of False Confessions Which of the Following Is Not One of These Solutions

All of the following statements are true about the use of torture in interrogations, EXCEPT:

The ultimate goal of questioning suspects is to:

The Reid technique is _ used by police in the United States when questioning suspects. Establishing a sense of loss of control as part of this technique makes suspects feel _.

What are some possible reforms that can be implemented to improve police interrogation procedures and reduce the risk of false confessions?

During the interrogation of a suspect, openly physical brutality was _____ prior to 1930.

Based on the text, the advantage of information-gathering techniques over accusatorial methods is that:

According to the text, the most significant individual vulnerability in cases involving false confessions is:

The fundamental attribution error, or the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional traits rather than situational pressures, is evident in the following pattern of thinking:

Jeremy purposely confessed to a crime he did not commit to cover up for his wife. This type of confession is referred to as an:

All of the following traits can be defined as vulnerabilities to making a false confession, EXCEPT:

Because of a long, exhausting interrogation, Kathryn just wanted the questioning to stop, so she confessed to the crime knowing that she did not commit it. This type of confession is called an:

When the police utilize a good cop-bad cop approach, the suspect is likely to:

Research in the field of social psychology has discovered that people tend to _ the impact of situational forces, and this process is responsible for believing that suspects in police custody would _ to a crime they did not commit.

There are several vulnerabilities to making a false confession. The most dangerous vulnerability, according to the text, is:

Jillian had often suffered from a delusional behavior disorder. When brought in for questioning, she started out by confessing to a crime that she had taken no part in. The term used for this type of false confession is an:

According to the text, there are several likely reasons that innocent suspects may admit to a crime they know they did not commit. Which one of the following is NOT such a reason?

After an intense interrogation process, Matthew became convinced that he robbed the store since all physical evidence pointed at him. This form of false confession is called an: