Question 1

Which of the following patterns of thinking demonstrates the fundamental attribution error, or the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional causes?

Accepted Answer

A)  "If the police believe the suspect is guilty, he is likely to be guilty if there are no other suspects." 
B)  "If the suspect were innocent, he would not have confessed to the crime he did not commit." 
C)  "If I were on a jury, I would convict a suspect who has confessed." 
D)  "If the suspect passed a polygraph test, he must be innocent."

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT likely to lead to a false confession?

Accepted Answer

A)  Police intimidation. 
B)  Police deception. 
C)  Suspect's fatigue. 
D)  Suspect's confidence.

Question 3

Michelle is in custody and being interrogated. One of the police officers is being nice and tries to empathize with her while the other one glares at her and accuses her of having committed the crime because of her greed. The behavior of the police officers is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  providing a sense of control. 
B)  convincing Michelle that there is no proof of her guilt. 
C)  using a good cop-bad cop approach. 
D)  establishing a sense of social isolation.

Question 4

According to the text, all of the following statements about false confessions are true, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  It may be impossible to know what percentage of all confessions are false. 
B)  Studies prove that false confessions are extremely rare. 
C)  Proven false confessions are only a small portion of all false confessions. 
D)  Studies show that about a quarter of wrongful convictions involve false confessions.

Question 5

Miranda rights are intended to notify the suspect of the following constitutional rights, EXCEPT for the right to:

Accepted Answer

A)  remain silent. 
B)  have an attorney present. 
C)  have an attorney provided. 
D)  remain in custody.

Question 6

The MAIN goal of applying the Reid technique during interrogations is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  make the suspect feel guilty about the crime he committed. 
B)  offer the suspect some face-saving excuses for the crime. 
C)  elicit a full confession from the suspect. 
D)  find out more information about the crime.

Question 7

The tendency to hold an individual's dispositional causes such as personality responsible for his or her behavior is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  frustration-aggression hypothesis. 
D)  false memory syndrome.

Question 8

According to the textbook, police prefer a confession because:

Accepted Answer

A)  interrogators have a chance to practice their skills. 
B)  confessions save time. 
C)  confessions absolve guilt. 
D)  suspects are released after admitting to a crime.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of an exculpatory scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Did you plan this, or did it just happen on the spur of the moment?" 
B)  "Was this your own idea or did someone talk you into it?" 
C)  "I'm sure you took the money to help your family, right?" 
D)  "Have you done this type of thing before?"

Question 10

A robbery suspect is apprehended and being read his Miranda rights by the policewoman arresting him. The suspect is most likely to _____ his Miranda rights.

Accepted Answer

A)  exercise 
B)  waive 
C)  remember 
D)  enjoy

Question 11

Studies show that when jurors clearly understand that the confession was coerced, they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are still more likely to convict the defendant. 
B)  discount the confession and tend to acquit the defendant. 
C)  take more time to deliberate and sometimes don't reach a verdict. 
D)  are more likely to break the rules and talk to the press.

Question 12

According to research studies described in the text, mock jurors who reported that they disregarded the confession as clearly coerced were _____ likely to convict the defendant.

Accepted Answer

A)  somewhat less 
B)  significantly less 
C)  still more 
D)  not more

Question 13

Since the 1960s and throughout the present time, an interrogator in the United States would be likely to use all of the following forms of coercion to elicit confessions, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  lying to the suspect. 
B)  promising lenient sentencing. 
C)  using a police informer as a cellmate. 
D)  assembling a phony lineup.

Question 14

Before the 1930s, an interrogator in the United States would be likely to use all of the following actions to elicit confessions, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  beating a suspect. 
B)  applying electric shocks. 
C)  dragging a suspect by her hair. 
D)  imprisoning the suspect's kids.

Question 15

Police may use a variety of evidence ploys during interrogation. This is possible because:

Accepted Answer

A)  suspects get bored. 
B)  police can lie during interrogation. 
C)  interrogators like trying out new, creative approaches. 
D)  police need to make sure the interrogation lasts a long time.

Question 16

Kurt was arrested even though he was innocent. All of the following are likely reasons he waived his Miranda rights, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  he felt he had nothing to hide. 
B)  he did not want to seem uncooperative. 
C)  this was the first time he heard about the right to remain silent. 
D)  the police explained the Miranda rights in a quick, perfunctory tone.

Question 17

After the Miranda v. Arizona (1966) decision, all suspects must be informed of their so-called Miranda rights. These constitutional rights include all of the following, EXCEPT for the right to:

Accepted Answer

A)  remain silent. 
B)  admit guilt. 
C)  have an attorney present during questioning. 
D)  have a court-appointed attorney provided for those who cannot afford their own attorney.

Question 18

The following are valid reasons for police to prefer confessions to other types of evidence. Which one is NOT valid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Confessions make gathering other evidence less critical. 
B)  Juries almost always convict defendants who have confessed to committing a crime. 
C)  Confessions mean the person is guilty of the crime they confessed to committing. 
D)  Lengthy trials can be avoided because a confession is likely to lead to a plea deal.

Question 19

Utilization of a team approach to interrogation often takes the form of a _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  tagging 
B)  good cop-bad cop 
C)  team spirit 
D)  ambiguous interrogation

Question 20

When a confession exists, juries _____ come back with a conviction.

Accepted Answer

A)  never 
B)  seldom 
C)  sometimes 
D)  very often

Exam 2: Presents Several Potential Solutions to the Problem of False Confessions Which of the Following Is Not One of These Solutions