Question 1

The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society?

Accepted Answer

A)   It brought a reaction against feudal society and the monopoly of religion.
B)   It stressed the notion of equality for all citizens.
C)   It was largely influenced by the growth of scientific thinking.
D)   All of these are correct. D

Question 2

Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds?

Accepted Answer

A)   Flaying alive
B)   Burning internally
C)   Breaking on the wheel
D)   The iron maiden B

Question 3

The founder of the classical school of criminology is Cesare Beccaria, who applied the rationalist philosophy of the
Enlightenment to the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Corrections philosophies reflect the vision and concerns of the community at large.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Severity
B)   Swiftness
C)   Certainty
D)   Both swiftness and certainty

Question 6

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. Law of civil society
c. Forced rowing
d. Detention facility
e. Pleasure over pain
f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. Free will and severe punishment
-Classical criminology

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each item to the phrase or...

Question 7

The and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sumerian Law of Mesopotamia
B)   Draconian Code
C)   law of the Twelve Tables
D)   system of Wergild

Question 8

In Brixton Prison, women were not compelled to work under rules of silence during major portions of the day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Describe the social movements leading up to the establishment of the first houses of correction. How did these changes lead the development of the prison system?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the social movements leading up to...

Question 10

One example of corporal punishment is .

Accepted Answer

A)   forgiveness
B)   whipping
C)   imprisonment
D)   religious education

Question 11

Two panopticon-type prisons were constructed in the United Kingdom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth.

Accepted Answer

A)   wergild
B)   workhouse
C)   penitentiary
D)   bridewell

Question 13

According to scholars, the Enlightenment was a reaction against feudal and __________ traditions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to scholars, the Enlightenment was a...

Question 14

and death have been used throughout history; the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries in Great Britain and Europe were particularly brutal.

Accepted Answer

A)   Imprisonment
B)   Corporal punishment
C)   Benefit of clergy
D)   Galley slavery

Question 15

Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent in the future.

Accepted Answer

A)   premeditated behavior
B)   positive behavior
C)   similar behavior
D)   coerced behavior

Question 16

Until the late Middle Ages, prisons were used primarily to detain people awaiting trial.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The period known as the was a cultural movement in England and France during the
1700s, when concepts of liberalism, rationality, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The period known as the was a...

Question 18

___________________ refers to the practice of moving individuals convicted of crimes from the community to another region or land, often a penal colony.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________________ refers to the practice of moving...

Question 19

Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles?

Accepted Answer

A)   Criminal punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense.
B)   "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" is legal punishment.
C)   Vengeance is a private affair, and the duty of the victim or victim's family to carry out, not a public matter.
D)   All of these are correct.

Question 20

The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as .

Accepted Answer

A)   natural law
B)   lex talionis
C)   secular law
D)   benefit of clergy

Exam 2: The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice

The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society?

Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds?

The founder of the classical school of criminology is Cesare Beccaria, who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system.

Corrections philosophies reflect the vision and concerns of the community at large.

For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment?

The and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable.

In Brixton Prison, women were not compelled to work under rules of silence during major portions of the day.

Describe the social movements leading up to the establishment of the first houses of correction. How did these changes lead the development of the prison system?

One example of corporal punishment is .

Two panopticon-type prisons were constructed in the United Kingdom.

The was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth.

According to scholars, the Enlightenment was a reaction against feudal and __________ traditions.

and death have been used throughout history; the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries in Great Britain and Europe were particularly brutal.

Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent in the future.

Until the late Middle Ages, prisons were used primarily to detain people awaiting trial.

The period known as the was a cultural movement in England and France during the 1700s, when concepts of liberalism, rationality, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking.

___________________ refers to the practice of moving individuals convicted of crimes from the community to another region or land, often a penal colony.

Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles?

The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as .