Question 1

Informal sanctions are reactions to deviance that tend to occur in small communities, among groups of friends, and in the family.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What we think of as deviant can be an ordinary part of everyday life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The criminal justice system includes

Accepted Answer

A)  families, schools, and churches. 
B)  neighborhoods, communities, and cities. 
C)  prisons, probation, and treatment centers. 
D)  police, courts, and prisons.

Question 4

The dysfunctions of deviance

Accepted Answer

A)  help society through the reinforcement of social organization. 
B)  include the undermining of our willingness to play our roles and contribute to the larger social scene. 
C)  result in a stronger family life. 
D)  help us to better trust our social institutions.

Question 5

Studies by Messner and Rosenfeld suggest that the strain toward deviance, particularly crime, is

Accepted Answer

A)  stronger when the economy is a relatively weak institution in the society. 
B)  stronger when the economy is the dominant institution in the society. 
C)  not related to the position of the economy in the society. 
D)  weaker when penal institutions dominate the society.

Question 6

Which of the following is not among the consequences of high imprisonment rates for young male African Americans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many young African American men are unable to support their families or contribute to their communities. 
B)  After serving their prison terms, many young African American males are unable to find employment, and their difficulties finding employment are greater than those of young white ex-cons. 
C)  The high rate of imprisonment seems to have a significant crime deterrence effect on other African Americans, making the rate of imprisonment slowly decrease. 
D)  Many young black African Americans are unable to participate in their political system.

Question 7

Control theory, as developed by Travis Hirschi, argues that young people are much more likely to conform to society's rules under certain sets of conditions. Which of the following is not among those conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their attachment level to friends and family is high. 
B)  Their involvement level in conventional activities such as athletics is high. 
C)  Their belief in conventional values and ideas about morality is strong. 
D)  They have never done anything deviant that would result in them being labeled deviant.

Question 8

Many nonconformist patterns do not occur to us because

Accepted Answer

A)  we are culture bound; the patterns are not know to our society. 
B)  Americans are quite relativistic in their views of other ways of doing things. 
C)  what we see in other cultures we tend not to like because of ethnocentricity. 
D)  conformity is so ingrained in our attitudes.

Question 9

________ is NOT a sociological approach to understanding deviance.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultural transmission theory 
B)  Anomie theory 
C)  Hereditary predisposition perspective 
D)  Labeling perspective

Question 10

Internalization is the process by which individuals incorporate within their personalities the standards of behavior prevalent in the larger society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to Merton, losing touch with success goals while abiding compulsively by the institutionalized means is

Accepted Answer

A)  retreatism. 
B)  innovation. 
C)  conformity. 
D)  ritualism.

Question 12

For an act to be considered criminal,

Accepted Answer

A)  it must also be considered immoral. 
B)  the state must undertake the process of criminalizing it. 
C)  it must be proven to create a significant monetary cost to society. 
D)  it must be proven to create a significant social cost to society.

Question 13

When access to socially approved means of success (material wealth) is blocked or frustrated, Merton would call it a condition of

Accepted Answer

A)  high anxiety. 
B)  justified frustration. 
C)  structural strain. 
D)  frustration-aggression.

Question 14

In modern times, student cheating on college campuses has become a relatively uncommon pattern of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In more than 40 percent of all murders,

Accepted Answer

A)  the assailant used a "sharp instrument." 
B)  the attack was precipitated by an argument. 
C)  the victims knew their assailants. 
D)  the victims were women.

Question 16

Critics of Merton's structural strain theory note that Merton

Accepted Answer

A)  doesn't emphasize conformity enough. 
B)  focuses too much on the deviance that arises from a conflict of values. 
C)  ignores the fact that not all deviance stems from gaps between goals and means. 
D)  doesn't tell us anything about monetary crime.

Question 17

Norms seldom allow for variant behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Internalization occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  norms are "intuited" from the behavior of others. 
B)  the individual questions the legitimacy of the norms. 
C)  normative expectations are sharpened. 
D)  we understand and believe in the legitimacy of the norms.

Question 19

Deviance is

Accepted Answer

A)  a property inherent in certain forms of behavior. 
B)  a property conferred upon particular behaviors in an absolute manner. 
C)  what people say it is. 
D)  a behavior that often exists independently of norms.

Question 20

According to the text, ____________ is any behavior that violates a norm.

Accepted Answer

A)  crime 
B)  mental illness 
C)  social control 
D)  deviance

Exam 5: Deviance and Crime

Informal sanctions are reactions to deviance that tend to occur in small communities, among groups of friends, and in the family.

What we think of as deviant can be an ordinary part of everyday life.

The criminal justice system includes

The dysfunctions of deviance

Studies by Messner and Rosenfeld suggest that the strain toward deviance, particularly crime, is

Which of the following is not among the consequences of high imprisonment rates for young male African Americans?

Control theory, as developed by Travis Hirschi, argues that young people are much more likely to conform to society's rules under certain sets of conditions. Which of the following is not among those conditions?

Many nonconformist patterns do not occur to us because

________ is NOT a sociological approach to understanding deviance.

Internalization is the process by which individuals incorporate within their personalities the standards of behavior prevalent in the larger society.

According to Merton, losing touch with success goals while abiding compulsively by the institutionalized means is

For an act to be considered criminal,

When access to socially approved means of success (material wealth) is blocked or frustrated, Merton would call it a condition of

In modern times, student cheating on college campuses has become a relatively uncommon pattern of behavior.

In more than 40 percent of all murders,

Critics of Merton's structural strain theory note that Merton

Norms seldom allow for variant behavior.

Internalization occurs when

Deviance is

According to the text, ____________ is any behavior that violates a norm.