Question 1

Imagine that you are a teacher in a specialized classroom for tenth-grade students who have behavioural problems.Describe three ways that you would promote social learning among your students and describe one activity that incorporates these in an authentic way.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you are a teacher in...

Question 2

According to social cognitive research into bullying, what role do peers play in bullying?

Accepted Answer

A) they reinforce bullying episodes 
B) they show respect and kindness to victims 
C) they play no role 
D) they are likely to intervene to protect victims

Question 3

Three of the following depict situations in which a teacher is facilitating the retention component of modelling.Which one does not depict such a situation?

Accepted Answer

A) As he writes a capital J on the board, Mr.Antoniuk tells his kindergartners, "To write a capital J, you make a fishhook with a line across the top." 
B) Mr.Byers suggests, "Let's play some background music while I show you how to use the dipstick to measure your oil level." 
C) Mr.Winters says, "There are several critical steps involved in throwing a pot on the potter's wheel.Repeat these steps to yourself as you work so you don't forget them." 
D) As he demonstrates how to throw a baseball correctly, Mr.Duffy says, "Now repeat these words as you throw the ball: back, up, thrust, release."

Question 4

Which one of the following statements best reflects the concept of collective self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A) Over time, students develop a general sense of self-efficacy that influences their performance in a wide variety of content domains. 
B) As students get older, their self-confidence about performing certain tasks becomes fairly stable and is less influenced by any single success or failure experience. 
C) Students may have greater confidence about accomplishing a task when they work with others rather than alone. 
D) Some students have greater self-confidence when they have technological resources (spreadsheet software, access to the Internet, etc.) to help them in their efforts.

Question 5

Social cognitive theorists tell us that students are most likely to work for goals that:

Accepted Answer

A) their parents have set for them. 
B) their teachers have set for them. 
C) peer pressure imposes on them. 
D) they have chosen for themselves.

Question 6

Define bullying generally as well as direct, indirect, and cyberbullying and provide concrete examples of each.Based on the Canadian research into bullying, design an anti-bullying program that addresses the influence of peers in the bullying process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define bullying generally as well as direct,...

Question 7

According to social cognitive theorists, reinforcement affects learning because it:

Accepted Answer

A) encourages students to pay attention. 
B) reduces the likelihood of punishment. 
C) strengthens stimulus-response connections. 
D) makes students feel good, thereby eliminating any emotions that might interfere with the learning process.

Question 8

Your students will undoubtedly know a great many things, and they will not be able to show you everything they know.According to social cognitive theorists, your students will be most likely to show you things they:

Accepted Answer

A) learned recently rather than a long time ago. 
B) think they will be reinforced for demonstrating. 
C) have learned at a concrete rather than abstract level. 
D) are especially excited about.

Question 9

Gang-related activity is increasing at the high school at which you teach.At a faculty meeting, the school principal voices her concern that hostile interactions among members of rival gangs are escalating.You think about the research described in the textbook regarding self-regulation, and then you suggest that the school:

Accepted Answer

A) encourage students to determine their own goals for academic achievement. 
B) provide mediation training for its students. 
C) develop strategies for enhancing students' self-efficacy with regard to interpersonal relationships. 
D) teach students how to use self-imposed contingencies.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements best describes vicarious reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) anticipating future reinforcement 
B) receiving reinforcement after behaving inappropriately 
C) remembering reinforcement that one has previously received 
D) watching someone else receive reinforcement for a behaviour

Question 11

Which one of the following examples illustrates vicarious reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Alicia notices that her friend Elle gets extra attention from the teacher when she acts helpless.Alicia begins to act helpless as well. 
B) Brandon knows that he will get a higher grade if he turns in a research paper that is typed rather than handwritten, but he turns in a handwritten paper anyway. 
C) Avril sees her friend Martha scolded for chewing gum in class.She quickly takes her own gum out of her mouth. 
D) Winston sees how Michael gets good grades when he works hard on his mathematics homework, but Winston does not want to work that hard.

Question 12

Which one of the following best illustrates self-imposed contingencies?

Accepted Answer

A) Jeanne allows herself t.v.time after completing her math problems. 
B) Stephane sets his own goals and objectives. 
C) Maria's mother allows her 30 minutes to play video games when she gets a B or higher in spelling. 
D) Jules looks in the mirror each morning and says to himself, " I am a good student."

Question 13

Three of the following students are showing signs of self-regulated learning.Which student does not show any evidence of self-regulated learning?

Accepted Answer

A) As Adam studies his German vocabulary words, he occasionally stops to check himself to see which words he needs to study further. 
B) Blake knows that, for purposes of college admission, his performance in math class is more important than his performance in drama class, so he works harder in the first class than in the second. 
C) Claude beams with pleasure when his teacher praises his English essay, because her opinion of his work is very important to him. 
D) Rocco thinks to himself, "Tonight I'll skim the reading assignment in history just to get a general idea of what the chapter is all about.Tomorrow I'll read it again in more depth."

Question 14

A number of assumptions underlie social cognitive theory.Describe three of these, and derive an implication of each one for classroom practice.

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Question 15

Self-regulated problem-solving strategies are considered to be most useful for which of the following students?

Accepted Answer

A) students with gifts and talents 
B) students who are very aggressive 
C) students who are show average ability 
D) students who have cognitive delays

Question 16

When students keep a written record of their own desirable and undesirable behaviours, then:

Accepted Answer

A) desirable behaviours increase in frequency, but undesirable behaviours remain the same. 
B) undesirable behaviours decrease in frequency, but desirable behaviours remain the same. 
C) desirable behaviours increase and undesirable behaviours decrease. 
D) such record-keeping has little effect on behaviour.

Question 17

Social cognitive theorists propose that people often become increasingly self-regulating over time.
a.Explain what social cognitive theorists mean by the term self-regulation.
b.Identify a response you would like to see your students make in an increasingly self-regulated fashion.Then describe two specific strategies you might use to promote their self-regulation.Your strategies should be based on concepts and/or principles that social cognitive theorists provide.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social cognitive theorists propose that people often...

Question 18

Which one of the following instances of learning can be explained more easily by social cognitive theory than by operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Playing the role of a German soldier in the school play, Andy says his lines using a German accent similar to one he has heard in the movies a few times. 
B) Jason discovers that to get his teacher's approval he must turn in his writing assignments without a single error in grammar, spelling, or punctuation. 
C) Craig finds that he gets one "special" girl's attention when he shows off on the playground. 
D) Byron has stopped trying in school, because he seems to get low grades no matter what he does.

Question 19

Considering what we know about the kinds of models people are likely to imitate, we can guess that the girls in our classes will be least likely to imitate:

Accepted Answer

A) Anita, a skillful auto mechanic. 
B) Brianne, head majorette in the school band. 
C) Claudia, the most popular girl in school. 
D) Yin, a graceful dancer.

Question 20

What differentiates bullying from other forms of aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) technology is used as a tool. 
B) more boys than girls are bullies. 
C) the targeted person cannot defend themselves. 
D) it has more long-term detrimental effects.

Exam 8: Social Cognitive Views of Learning