You Have Just Received Your Results on an Exam

Multiple Choice

You have just received your results on an exam. Although you thought that you were prepared, you didn't do very well. You can't recall exactly what the questions asked but clearly remember how much work you put in preparing for it. You decide that the reason you performed poorly must have been because the exam questions were unfair in some way. You tell your friend that and they point out that it doesn't sound like you've considered possible explanations related to yourself (e.g. even though you thought you were prepared you actually weren't) . If that was the case, what kind of effect might that reflect?

A) groupthink
B) a stereotype
C) a social role
D) a self-serving bias
E) a social norm