Question 1

When Jaren went to a psychologist for help with his phobia of spiders, the psychologist explained that his phobia was a result of our ancestors' fears. This explanation would most likely come from what type of psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  humanistic 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  multicultural

Question 2

Many psychologists hold academic jobs in universities and run studies to enhance the understanding of behavior and mental processes. Into which category of specialization in psychology would these educators MOST likely fall?

Accepted Answer

A)  education 
B)  applied 
C)  clinical 
D)  basic research

Question 3

Dr. Atkins conducted a study with 100 fourth-grade students. He wanted to see if watching episodes of a certain popular TV show would increase their aggression levels. In this study, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  fourth-grade students 
B)  levels of aggression 
C)  episodes of the TV show 
D)  time of day

Question 4

In general, applied psychologists practice, while basic research psychologists:

Accepted Answer

A)  conduct therapy. 
B)  run studies. 
C)  write books. 
D)  teach classes.

Question 5

The process when a researcher's results are reviewed by people who are experts in the field is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  critical thinking analysis. 
B)  peer review appraisal. 
C)  replication studies. 
D)  critical review appraisal.

Question 6

When would you use an experimental research design? Provide an example of an experiment, and be sure to identify the critical components such as the independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group, control group, and random assignment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When would you use an experimental research...

Question 7

Psychology is different from philosophy in that psychology:

Accepted Answer

A)  is grounded in opinions and insights. 
B)  cannot be tested. 
C)  does not ask questions about human behavior. 
D)  is grounded in science rather than speculation.

Question 8

After completing a one-year-long research project, Dr. Singh is ready to make his research findings known to others. To determine whether Dr. Singh's research is worthy to be shared with the professional community, his next step would MOST likely involve the:

Accepted Answer

A)  peer review process. 
B)  critical thinking analysis. 
C)  hypothesis generation. 
D)  critical appraisal.

Question 9

Which statement is true about the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychology is a global science with a global history. 
B)  Psychology was confined to Europe until it traveled to the United States. 
C)  Psychology is recognized in only a few countries around the world. 
D)  Psychology historically has always been a small field.

Question 10

_____ is a psychological perspective that emphasizes measuring observable actions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalysis 
B)  Functionalism 
C)  Humanism 
D)  Behaviorism

Question 11

In psychological research, replication means:

Accepted Answer

A)  finding mistakes in the collected data. 
B)  revising the results of the study. 
C)  conducting the study again. 
D)  collecting more support from the literature.

Question 12

In order for a researcher to get approval from an Institutional Review Board, the researcher must:

Accepted Answer

A)  have a hypothesis that has never been tested before. 
B)  ensure that participants will not be harmed. 
C)  have over 50 participants in the research study. 
D)  create a double-blind study to conduct.

Question 13

Dr. Wang is studying the effects of caffeine on hunger. He hypothesizes that people who ingest more caffeine experience less hunger pangs throughout the day. He designs a study where one group of participants is given caffeine throughout the day, and the other group is not allowed to have any caffeine. He then has the two groups journal their hunger pangs throughout the day and he compares the results. In this study, the dependent variable is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  number of hunger pangs a participant experiences. 
B)  amount of caffeine a person ingests. 
C)  time of day when the hunger pangs happen. 
D)  age of the participant.

Question 14

Compare and contrast the fields of clinical psychology and counseling psychology. Describe each specialization. In what ways are they similar? In what ways do they differ? Include three similarities and three differences in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the fields of clinical...

Question 15

In-depth research in which the sample consists of just one person, or a small group, is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  case study. 
C)  laboratory observation. 
D)  experimental observation.

Question 16

Which statement about sharing results is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  To present at a professional conference, a psychologist just shows up and claims a spot. 
B)  To present at a professional conference, a psychologist must submit a proposal in advance. 
C)  If a psychologist has presented at a professional conference one time, he cannot present again. 
D)  To present at a professional conference, a psychologist's research does not need to be evaluated.

Question 17

Which statement BEST exemplifies the bandwagon fallacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  "This feels right, so don't try to confuse me with facts and logic." 
B)  "Let's all listen to what the expert has to say." 
C)  "It's been this way for ages, so it must be right." 
D)  "Everyone in town believes it, so it must be true."

Question 18

Dr. Shang is studying the effects of caffeine on hunger. He hypothesizes that people who ingest more caffeine experience less hunger pangs throughout the day. He designs a study where one group of participants is given caffeine throughout the day, and the other group is not allowed to have any caffeine. He then has the two groups journal their hunger pangs throughout the day and he compares the results. In this study, the independent variable is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  number of hunger pangs a participant experiences. 
B)  amount of caffeine a person ingests. 
C)  time of day when the hunger pangs happen. 
D)  age of the participant.

Question 19

There is a theory in psychology that recognizes that your brain and genetic inheritance AND your thoughts and feelings AND your family and culture all interact to explain your behavior. This theory is called the _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurological 
B)  evolutionary 
C)  biopsychosocial 
D)  positive

Question 20

Which statement about psychiatrists and psychologists is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  There exists controversy about prescription privileges for psychologists. 
B)  Most psychiatric medications are prescribed by psychiatrists rather than other physicians. 
C)  Some states have approved legislation for psychologists to prescribe medications. 
D)  There is a shortage of psychiatrists in many states, particularly in rural areas.

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

When Jaren went to a psychologist for help with his phobia of spiders, the psychologist explained that his phobia was a result of our ancestors' fears. This explanation would most likely come from what type of psychologist?

Many psychologists hold academic jobs in universities and run studies to enhance the understanding of behavior and mental processes. Into which category of specialization in psychology would these educators MOST likely fall?

Dr. Atkins conducted a study with 100 fourth-grade students. He wanted to see if watching episodes of a certain popular TV show would increase their aggression levels. In this study, what is the independent variable?

In general, applied psychologists practice, while basic research psychologists:

The process when a researcher's results are reviewed by people who are experts in the field is known as:

When would you use an experimental research design? Provide an example of an experiment, and be sure to identify the critical components such as the independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group, control group, and random assignment.

Psychology is different from philosophy in that psychology:

After completing a one-year-long research project, Dr. Singh is ready to make his research findings known to others. To determine whether Dr. Singh's research is worthy to be shared with the professional community, his next step would MOST likely involve the:

Which statement is true about the history of psychology?

_____ is a psychological perspective that emphasizes measuring observable actions.

In psychological research, replication means:

In order for a researcher to get approval from an Institutional Review Board, the researcher must:

Compare and contrast the fields of clinical psychology and counseling psychology. Describe each specialization. In what ways are they similar? In what ways do they differ? Include three similarities and three differences in your answer.

In-depth research in which the sample consists of just one person, or a small group, is called a(n) :

Which statement about sharing results is TRUE?

Which statement BEST exemplifies the bandwagon fallacy?

There is a theory in psychology that recognizes that your brain and genetic inheritance AND your thoughts and feelings AND your family and culture all interact to explain your behavior. This theory is called the _____ theory.

Which statement about psychiatrists and psychologists is FALSE?