Question 1

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not moved back towards the heart by contractions of the heart.
-Blood is propelled back to the heart by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  rhythmic contractions of muscles in the walls of veins and the action of one-way valves 
B)  skeletal muscle contractions around veins and the action of one-way valves 
C)  the negative pressure of the heart pulling blood into the empty chambers 
D)  the natural flow of blood into ever-larger blood vessels leading to the heart

Question 2

In humans,oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a closed circulatory system 
B)  an open circulatory system 
C)  diffusion 
D)  diffusion and facilitated diffusion

Question 3

The following figure illustrates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diastolic blood pressure 
B)  systolic blood pressure 
C)  the pulmonary circuit 
D)  the systemic circuit

Question 4

Heart Block is one type of electrical defect in the heart in which the electrical signal from the sinoatrial node to the relay point is delayed.Predict the effect of Heart Block on the cardiac cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  The atria relax for a shorter period of time. 
B)  The atria relax for a longer period of time. 
C)  The ventricles relax for a shorter period of time. 
D)  The ventricles relax for a longer period of time.

Question 5

Together,inhalation and exhalation are referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  breathing 
C)  active transport 
D)  negative pressure

Question 6

White blood cells play a particularly important role in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fighting infections 
B)  supporting the activity of red blood cells 
C)  carrying carbon dioxide 
D)  blood clotting

Question 7

A heart murmur occurs when there is a defect in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a heart valve 
B)  the sinoatrial node 
C)  arterioles 
D)  the timing of the cardiac cycle

Question 8

Examine the structure of blood vessels in the following figure.Which one of the following has the structure best suited to chemical exchange between the blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  venule 
B)  capillary 
C)  arteriole 
D)  artery

Question 9

Which one of the following is a characteristic of open circulatory systems but NOT closed circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  a heart 
B)  a vascular system 
C)  blood 
D)  open-ended blood vessels

Question 10

Gas exchange requires a surface that is both ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  durable and stiff 
B)  protected within the body and connected to the circulatory system 
C)  thin and moist 
D)  permeable to oxygen and impermeable to carbon dioxide

Question 11

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of ambient carbon dioxide levels on yawning.
-Which of the following would be considered support for the hypothesis tested by the scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  College students produce more carbon dioxide when they yawn more frequently. 
B)  College students yawn with the same frequency regardless of carbon dioxide levels. 
C)  College students yawn more when they are in lecture, compared to when they are in lab. 
D)  College students yawn more when they are exposed to higher levels of carbon dioxide.

Question 12

As a consequence of red blood cells' lack of nuclei and other organelles,they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have more room to carry hemoglobin 
B)  have a small surface area 
C)  contain less hemoglobin than they might otherwise be able to carry 
D)  can carry more calcium

Question 13

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not moved back towards the heart by contractions of the heart.
-Because of the changes in blood pressure through the circulatory system,the best way to feel a pulse is by pressing a finger against ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a vein 
B)  a capillary 
C)  an artery 
D)  either an artery or a vein

Question 14

Which of these animals has a double circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  fish 
B)  grasshopper 
C)  dog 
D)  hydra

Question 15

Trace the path of a red blood cell in a circuit that takes it from the capillary bed of the right kidney to the capillary bed of the left kidney.Assume that you are doing this for an animal with a double circulation system.

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney 
B)  capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary veins → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary arteries → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney 
C)  capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → right atrium → right ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney 
D)  capillary bed of right kidney → arterioles → arteries → aorta → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → veins → venules → capillary bed of left kidney

Question 16

Earthworms use ________ as their respiratory surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs 
B)  gills 
C)  their skin 
D)  tracheae

Question 17

Which of these carry(ies)oxygen-poor blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary arteries 
B)  pulmonary veins 
C)  aorta 
D)  left ventricle

Question 18

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of ambient carbon dioxide levels on yawning.
-The scientists found that the level of carbon dioxide in the air did not cause college students to yawn more frequently.What other experiment could they conduct to confirm that they should reject the hypothesis that yawning is regulated in the same way as breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Test the effect of hemoglobin amounts on the frequency of yawning. 
B)  Test the effect of exercise levels on the frequency of yawning. 
C)  Test the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) levels on the frequency of yawning. 
D)  Test the effect of diet on the frequency of yawning.

Question 19

Cigarette smoking ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is responsible for about one in five deaths of Americans every year 
B)  accounts for 80-90% of all cases of lung cancer 
C)  can affect the health of nonsmokers through secondhand smoke 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Insects breathe using ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs 
B)  tracheae 
C)  their entire outer skin 
D)  book lungs

Exam 23: Circulation and Respiration