Question 1

This limited understanding of children hinders the full understanding of the concept of natural selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism
B)  essentialist
C)  domain-specific
D)  constructivism B

Question 2

Children make the transition from Piaget's preoperational to concrete operational stage at around _____ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  2
B)  5
C)  7
D)  12 C

Question 3

Bonnie is a preschooler whose father works outside the home and whose mother stays home with her. On learning that her friend's mother works outside the home, Bonnie is confused because she believes that only fathers work outside the home. Piaget would say that Bonnie is in a state of

Accepted Answer

A)  chaos.
B)  maladjustment.
C)  disequilibrium.
D)  dissimilation. C

Question 4

Margo is 4 years old and has a pet cat. As she pets her cat, he begins to meow loudly. Margo then gets up and pours some water for her cat in his bowl. Margo is demonstrating which characteristic of children's theories about their world?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories.
B)  Children explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles.
C)  Children explain events in terms of unobservable causes.
D)  Children do not develop theories about their world.

Question 5

According to Piaget, which factor does NOT contribute to young children's problems with conservation of liquid tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on static state rather than transformation
B)  centration
C)  egocentrism
D)  formal operational thought

Question 6

_____ theory is particularly concerned with private speech.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dynamic-systems
B)  Overlapping waves
C)  Piagetian
D)  Sociocultural

Question 7

Which statement is the BEST example of centration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bill thinks a big empty box is heavier than a small box full of rocks.
B)  Fiona gives her newborn brother her favourite doll when he is crying.
C)  Bryson yells to his father from another room, "See, Daddy, I did it!"
D)  Marla pretends to have a sword fight using a stick as a sword.

Question 8

The attempt to overcome obstacles and attain goals is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  problem solving.
B)  working memory.
C)  encoding.
D)  task analysis.

Question 9

The entirety of an individual's knowledge makes up his or her

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term memory.
B)  working memory.
C)  executive functions.
D)  information-processing core.

Question 10

When trying to remember something, individuals often focus only on the information that is most relevant to their current goal. They likely ignore and do not focus on other information. What is this strategy called?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention
B)  planning
C)  analogical problem solving
D)  rehearsal

Question 11

The representation of specific details of objects and events in memory is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  remembering.
B)  encoding.
C)  recalling.
D)  recognizing.

Question 12

Which statement about executive functioning is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is fully developed by approximately age 19.
B)  Its quality in early childhood is highly predictive of occupational status in adulthood.
C)  It is directly related to IQ and cannot be taught.
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 13

Research done from a dynamic-systems perspective demonstrated that _____ helped infants succeed at A-not-B tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  giving the baby more time to think about the location of the object after it was hidden in location B
B)  allowing the baby to reach for the object in location A multiple times
C)  placing weights on the baby's arms before hiding the object at location B
D)  none of these

Question 14

Strategies and processes are part of _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  dynamic-systems
B)  sociocultural
C)  Piagetian
D)  information-processing

Question 15

Piaget believed that the BEST way for children to learn is through

Accepted Answer

A)  rewards and punishments.
B)  modelling peers and adults.
C)  explicit instruction from adults.
D)  experimenting with the world on their own.

Question 16

Domain-specific understanding does NOT allow children to

Accepted Answer

A)  distinguish between living and nonliving things.
B)  understand the variability in the thinking of others.
C)  anticipate that inanimate objects they encounter for the first time will remain stationary unless an external force is applied to them.
D)  anticipate that animals they encounter for the first time might move on their own.

Question 17

Which list places infants' skills in the order in which Piaget suggested they are acquired?

Accepted Answer

A)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours, modify reflexes to make them more adaptive, repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results, search for hidden objects
B)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours, search for hidden objects, modify reflexes to make them more adaptive, repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results
C)  modify reflexes to make them more adaptive, repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results, integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours, search for hidden objects
D)  modify reflexes to make them more adaptive, integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours, repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results, search for hidden objects

Question 18

According to Piaget, infants are able to _____ before they are able to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours
B)  search for hidden objects; repeat others' actions long after they have occurred
C)  repeat others' actions long after they have occurred; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results
D)  search for hidden objects; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours

Question 19

Professor Schmidt is an information-processing theorist. This means that he places particular emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A)  what changes occur.
B)  when change occurs.
C)  how change occurs.
D)  for whom change occurs.

Question 20

Thirteen-month-old Rami and his mother are playing with a musical toy. Rami's mother shows Rami the toy and then hides it under a blanket. Rami has fun finding the toy under the blanket and then giving it back to his mother. After several rounds of this game, Rami's mother hides the toy behind a pillow instead of under the blanket. Rami will be MOST likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  behave as if the toy has vanished.
B)  search for the toy under the blanket.
C)  search for the toy behind the pillow.
D)  search for the toy behind his mother's back.

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development