Question 1

Dr. Irwin is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time as part of a research study, while Dr. Jenner is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time. Dr. Irwin is using a _________ research design; Dr. Jenner is using a ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A) cross-sectional; longitudinal 
B) longitudinal; cross-sectional 
C) sequential; simultaneous 
D) sequential; cross-sectional

Question 2

Which alternative is the definition of the umbilical cord

Accepted Answer

A) A structure that transfers material to the fetus 
B) A fluid-filled reservoir that acts as a cushion and temperature regulator 
C) A fluid-filled reservoir that reduces the transfer of teratogens. 
D) An organ that allows the exchange of nutrients with the mother

Question 3

Imagine that an infant is shown a blue-colored card over repeatedly until the infant stops watching the card. If the color of the card is now changed to green, and the infant starts watching again, researchers can infer that the infant:

Accepted Answer

A) can perceive the difference between the two cards 
B) is not able to perceive the difference between the two cards 
C) prefers the green card to the blue card 
D) prefers the blue card to the green card

Question 4

Currently, about _______ of American marriages end in divorce. Most divorces occur between couples in their ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 40%; twenties 
B) 50%; twenties 
C) 65%; twenties 
D) 50%; forties

Question 5

James Marcia investigated identity development among adolescents by asking them questions concerning such issues as religion, politics, sexual behavior, and occupational interests. Think back to the chapter on research methods in your text. Which research technique does Marcia's work most likely exemplify

Accepted Answer

A) peer-review research 
B) case study method 
C) survey research 
D) naturalistic observation

Question 6

"I am a prominent early American. I proposed that the newborn experiences the world as a 'blooming, buzzing confusion.' Who am I"

Accepted Answer

A) James 
B) Skinner 
C) Watson 
D) Titchener

Question 7

As compared to Piaget, Vygotsky placed ________ emphasis on the _________ bases of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) less; social 
B) less; linguistic 
C) more; biological 
D) more; social

Question 8

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists term ________ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A) developing 
B) emerging 
C) beginning 
D) nascent

Question 9

Your text describes a study in which psychologist Mo Wang (2007) assessed the well-being of 2,000 people in their 50s over an 8-year-period. Wang's investigation is an example of ___________ research.

Accepted Answer

A) longitudinal 
B) cross-sectional 
C) experimental 
D) case study

Question 10

Based on Harlow's research with monkeys, what is the most helpful thing you can do for a frightened infant or child

Accepted Answer

A) leave her alone 
B) offer her something good to eat 
C) talk to her 
D) touch or hold her

Question 11

Kay has been told she will die soon from an inoperable brain tumor. She has three children under the age of seven and she cannot stand the thought of leaving them behind. All day long she finds herself thinking, "This isn't fair! Why is this happening" Kay is most likely in the stage of grieving identified by Kübler-Ross as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kay has been told she will die...

Question 12

Harry Harlow completed a number of studies in which baby rhesus monkeys were raised with two artificial mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire and delivered food; the other was made of cloth and provided no food. Harlow found that when the infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they

Accepted Answer

A) preferred the wire surrogate that provided food. 
B) avoided both surrogates and huddled in a corner. 
C) preferred the cloth surrogate that did not provide food. 
D) showed no clear preference, and ran to whichever surrogate was closer.

Question 13

During adolescence, brain development proceeds relatively slowly in the _______ lobe, a region implicated in self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

A) parietal 
B) occipital 
C) temporal 
D) frontal

Question 14

Four-year-old Darlene is exploring one day and she finds a bottle of vitamins in a cabinet. They look just like the candies she got for Halloween so she eats them all. Darlene's error illustrates the process that Piaget termed:

Accepted Answer

A) habituation 
B) accommodation 
C) object permanence 
D) assimilation

Question 15

Daryl is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far haven't received good grades and, in several instances, his friends have laughed at the work he has made. Based on Erikson's theory, Daryl may develop:

Accepted Answer

A) feelings of inferiority 
B) a sense of despair 
C) feelings of guilt 
D) a sense of industry

Question 16

Based on your text's discussion, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding menopause

Accepted Answer

A) Both the timing of menopause and a woman's response to it primarily reflect nurture. 
B) Nature and nurture contribute almost equally not only to the timing of menopause, but also to a woman's response to menopause. 
C) The timing of menopause mainly reflects nature; a woman's response to menopause may involve nurture. 
D) Both the timing of menopause and a woman's response to it are primarily determined by nature.

Question 17

Menopause is accompanied by a decrease in the production of hormones called ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of Menopause is accompanied by a decrease in...

Question 18

Melanie presents infants with the same red light repeatedly until the infants quit looking at it. She then presents a new, slightly different colored light and records whether the infants resume responding. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) the novelty paradigm 
B) the habituation procedure 
C) the adaptation procedure 
D) cross-sectional research

Question 19

Carol Gilligan suggested that there may be ________ differences in the validity of Kohlberg's moral reasoning tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) gender 
B) race 
C) socioeconomic status 
D) cross-cultural

Question 20

To stop baby Rudy from fussing for a sharp knife on the kitchen table, Rudy's mother put it in her apron. "Out of sight, out of mind," she said, and it worked. Rudy's mother capitalized on Rudy's lack of:

Accepted Answer

A) conservation 
B) egocentric thought 
C) object permanence 
D) a theory of mind

Exam 6: Growing and Developing

Dr. Irwin is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time as part of a research study, while Dr. Jenner is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time. Dr. Irwin is using a _ research design; Dr. Jenner is using a design.