Question 1

What is heritability?

Accepted Answer

A) genetic influences on behaviour 
B) family patterns of inheritance 
C) the process for predicting whether a given individual will inherit a specific trait 
D) the amount of variation in a trait that is attributable to hereditary factors

Question 2

Carrie is very physically fit and has excellent motor coordination.Because of these skills, her physical education teacher encourages her try out for her school's soccer team and gives her extra help at honing her skills.How would Scarr and McCartney explain the teacher's response to Carrie's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) as a passive genotype/environment interaction 
B) as an evocative genotype/environment interaction 
C) as an active genotype/environment interaction 
D) as a canalization/reaction range interaction

Question 3

Explain the chromosomal abnormality associated with Down syndrome, and describe some of the characteristics found in individuals with this syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the chromosomal abnormality associated with Down...

Question 4

When monozygotic twins who are reared apart show differences with respect to a given psychological trait, what do those differences indicate regarding biological and environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

A) Environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors. 
B) Genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors. 
C) Both genetics and environmental factors contribute equally. 
D) One would need information regarding the sex of twin pairs before estimating the role of genetic or environmental factors.

Question 5

Suppose that a researcher finds that pairs of monozygotic twins are no more similar on a trait than are pairs of dizygotic twins.What can you conclude regarding the contribution of biological and environmental influences to the development of that trait?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a product of nonshared environmental influences. 
B) It is a result of evocative gene influences. 
C) Its heritability coefficient is high. 
D) Its heritability coefficient is low.

Question 6

Based on current research, how do heredity and environment contribute to adult personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Heredity is the primary determining factor. 
B) Environment is the primary determining factor. 
C) Both heredity and environment are equivalent determining factors. 
D) A strong case cannot be made for either heredity or environment as a primary determining factor.

Question 7

Johal has blue eyes.What is his eye colour an example of with respect to genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A) how his genotype is expressed as a phenotype 
B) how his phenotype is expressed as a genotype 
C) how his phenotype is expressed as an allele 
D) how his genotype is expressed as an allele

Question 8

Blair has an autosomal abnormality.Her IQ is low, and she has a number of distinctive physical features, including a protruding tongue and almond-shaped eyes.Based on this information, what syndrome does Blair have?

Accepted Answer

A) Turner syndrome 
B) Down syndrome 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome

Question 9

Suppose that you and your partner are both carriers for a genetic defect that causes a fatal metabolic disorder.Which prenatal testing procedure would give the earliest and most informative results regarding the health of your unborn child?

Accepted Answer

A) chorionic villus sampling 
B) amniocentesis 
C) ultrasound 
D) germline gene analysis

Question 10

For IQ scores, the correlation between monozygotic twins reared apart is lower than that between monozygotic twins reared together.What does this difference indicate about the role of environmental and genetic factors in the development intellectual ability?

Accepted Answer

A) Environmental factors have no impact. 
B) Genetic factors have no impact. 
C) Environmental factors have a greater influence than genetic factors. 
D) Both genetic and environmental factors contribute equally.

Question 11

Suppose that two children differ in IQ by 20 points.According to Gottesman's range of reaction principle, what is the difference due to?

Accepted Answer

A) genetic differences in intellectual potential 
B) differences in environmental favourableness 
C) genetic differences in intellectual potential, depending on whether the environment of rearing was similar 
D) ethnic variations in educational practices

Question 12

What occurs in the zygote as it moves through the fallopian tube toward the uterus?

Accepted Answer

A) It begins to reproduce itself through the process of meiosis. 
B) It undergoes little change until after implantation in the uterus. 
C) It begins to reproduce itself through the process of mitosis. 
D) It undergoes rapid differentiation to determine the sex of the zygote.

Question 13

Imagine that Mr.and Mrs.Ho are each heterozygous with respect to a particular trait that follows a simple dominant-recessive transmission pattern.Identify all the potential genotypes that might emerge in this couple's offspring and indicate what percentage of the time they could expect each genotype to occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that Mr.and Mrs.Ho are each heterozygous...

Question 14

What would a researcher need to know to estimate the influence of shared environmental influences on a particular trait or characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A) both the heritability correlation and the variation in the trait due to nonshared environmental influences 
B) both the correlation between identical twins reared together and the correlation between identical twins reared apart 
C) only the variation in the trait due to nonshared environmental influences 
D) only the correlation between identical twins reared together

Question 15

What is mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A) the process of cell division that produces the gametes 
B) the process of cell division that occurs when portions of the chromosome pair are exchanged before the final cell division occurs 
C) the process of cell division that occurs in females 
D) the process of cell division that produces normative growth and development

Question 16

Antonio has a sex chromosome abnormality.He is taller than most of his friends and his body proportions are slightly feminized.He scored within the normal range on a recent intelligence test, although his score for the verbal scale was lower than average.Based on this description, which syndrome does Antonio have?

Accepted Answer

A) Turner syndrome 
B) fragile-X syndrome 
C) Klinefelter syndrome 
D) Supermale syndrome

Question 17

Tim and Jim are twins.They look alike, except that Tim has blue eyes and Jim has brown eyes.On the basis of this information, what can you conclude about Tim and Jim?

Accepted Answer

A) They must be monozygotic twins. 
B) They could be either monozygotic or dizygotic twins. 
C) They must be dizygotic twins. 
D) They have the same genotype but are displaying different phenotypes.

Question 18

Which of the following methods for prenatal detection of genetic disorders analyzes cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A) amniocentesis 
B) chorionic villus sampling 
C) ultrasound 
D) non-invasive prenatal testing

Question 19

Disorders such as hemophilia, some forms of night blindness, and two types of muscular dystrophy occur at different rates in males and females.Which statement best characterizes the pattern of these disorders in the two sexes?

Accepted Answer

A) They are more likely to be displayed by males than by females. 
B) They are more likely to be displayed by females than by males. 
C) They are equally likely to be displayed in males and females because the mother is the carrier. 
D) They are equally likely to be displayed in males and females because the father is the carrier.

Question 20

Identify and describe the two processes that ensure the genetic uniqueness of each human gamete cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and describe the two processes that...

Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development