Question 1

Vitamin D toxicity is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) sunburns. 
B) suntan lotions. 
C) seafood. 
D) supplements.

Question 2

When does bone growth and modeling start?

Accepted Answer

A) during fetal development 
B) at birth 
C) during infancy 
D) during childhood

Question 3

Which organic protein is responsible for the bone matrix that hydroxyapatite binds to?

Accepted Answer

A) titin 
B) collagen 
C) hemoglobin 
D) trabecular bone

Question 4

Mary is 60 years old and at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following dietary supplements would be the MOST helpful to minimize bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A) magnesium and fluoride 
B) vitamin K and fluoride 
C) calcium and phosphorus 
D) calcium and vitamin D

Question 5

Shawn is a 32-year-old male who is consuming 450 mg of magnesium every day from a diet high in whole grains, seeds, nuts, and legumes. Are changes to his magnesium intake necessary? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shawn is a 32-year-old male who is...

Question 6

Vitamin K's primary role in the body is:

Accepted Answer

A) muscle contraction. 
B) enzyme action. 
C) nerve transmission. 
D) blood clotting.

Question 7

________ refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled.

Accepted Answer

A) Bone growth 
B) Bone modeling 
C) Bone remodeling 
D) Bone regeneration

Question 8

Eighty percent of bone is made up of:

Accepted Answer

A) spongy bone. 
B) collagen fibres. 
C) cortical bone. 
D) trabecular bone.

Question 9

At the drug store, a customer asks you to help them figure out which vitamin D supplement they need. Their doctor has told them to buy a supplement providing 1 000 International Units of vitamin D but all of the supplement bottles have the amounts listed in micrograms. How many micrograms does the customer need to equal 1 000 International Units?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 25 
C) 40 
D) 100

Question 10

Individuals who undergo a form of weight-loss surgery called a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have a reduction in calcium absorption and an increase in markers of bone resorption. What effect would this have on their bone density? Consider the role of calcium in the body in your response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who undergo a form of weight-loss...

Question 11

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the Canada is expected to increase?

Accepted Answer

A) inadequate treatment options 
B) increased diagnostic tools 
C) increased longevity of the population 
D) decline in milk consumption

Question 12

You have recently been to a natural science museum and observed several skeletons. Explain how your bones would differ from the skeletons. Why are those differences important? Consider the functions of bone in your response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have recently been to a natural...

Question 13

Vitamin K is absorbed from the intestines and is transported by the ________ along with triglycerides.

Accepted Answer

A) hepatic portal system 
B) chylomicrons 
C) bile 
D) cholesterol

Question 14

How can we increase our absorption of dietary magnesium?

Accepted Answer

A) eat a high-fiber diet 
B) eat a high-carbohydrate diet 
C) eat a high-protein diet 
D) eat a high-fat diet

Question 15

Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth due to the fact that:

Accepted Answer

A) newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K. 
B) breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K. 
C) the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores. 
D) newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula.

Question 16

Your grandma has just returned from the clinic with the results of her dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)scan. Her T-score was -2.4. She is confused as she does not know what the T-score is and what the number means. How would you explain her results to her?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your grandma has just returned from the...

Question 17

In which phase of the life cycle is bone loss the greatest?

Accepted Answer

A) puberty 
B) pregnancy 
C) lactation 
D) menopause

Question 18

Beverly is a 75-year-old female who has had two bone fractures in the past 9 months due to falls. Which of the following tests would the doctor order to get an accurate assessment of her bone health?

Accepted Answer

A) quantitative ultrasound technique 
B) dual energy x-ray absorptiometry 
C) hydrostatic weighing 
D) computed axial tomography

Question 19

Bone cells that are responsible for resorption of bone tissue are called:

Accepted Answer

A) osteoclasts. 
B) corticals. 
C) osteoblasts. 
D) trabeculars.

Question 20

Your mother is concerned about her bone mineral density and is considering using hormone replacement therapy. Outline the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy to help her make an informed decision.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your mother is concerned about her bone...

Exam 12: Nutrients Involved in Bone Health