Question 1

What were the policies of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990), how did they affect various social classes, and what was their legacy for national development?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

During the 1970s and 1980s, the material foundation for populism was destroyed by

Accepted Answer

A)  radical reforms that transformed existing social structures in Latin America. 
B)  policies that abolished the latifundio and neocolonialism. 
C)  high interest rates and plunging prices for raw material exports. 
D)  expensive social welfare programs and high taxes.

Question 3

The Brazilian military coup of 1964 resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  a dismantling of the state sector of the Brazilian economy. 
B)  a marked independence of the United States in foreign policy. 
C)  acceleration of the foreign takeover of Brazilian industry. 
D)  restoration of the death penalty for certain offenses against the state.

Question 4

Which of the following did not describe Brazilian Popular Music (MPB)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provided a catalyst for youthful protest against the dictatorship. 
B)  It often used love songs to thinly disguise lyrics that protested social injustice. 
C)  It imported jazz rhythms from the U.S. to appeal to middle-class values. 
D)  It became a target of military censors who banned its production and dissemination.

Question 5

Populist reforms sought social stability by unifying elites and subaltern peoples under the lofty rhetoric of

Accepted Answer

A)  racial democracy. 
B)  nationalism. 
C)  free markets. 
D)  liberalism.

Question 6

What were some unexpected results of the Nicaraguan election of 1990 and its aftermath?

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Question 7

What role did popular culture play in the mobilization of resistance to military dictatorships in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina?

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Question 8

Which of the following was NOT an achievement of Pinochet's government?

Accepted Answer

A)  Restoration of potestad marital, husbands' right to control wives and their property. 
B)  Elimination of women's protective labor laws, including unemployment compensation. 
C)  Disqualification of women for legislative positions and reduction of their median income. 
D)  Reduction of the proportion of female heads of households.

Question 9

In 1982 the United States and Mexico devised a solution for the Mexican crisis that

Accepted Answer

A)  added new foreign debts to the old ones. 
B)  pardoned a large part of Mexico's foreign debt. 
C)  declared a moratorium on payment of interest and principal on the debt. 
D)  authorized U.S. purchase of large quantities of Mexican oil at prices above the world price.

Question 10

The Brazilian church

Accepted Answer

A)  supported government repression of unions and peasant leagues. 
B)  played a leading role in the struggle for social justice under the dictatorship. 
C)  denounced political activism by the clergy as contrary to church teaching. 
D)  exhibited a sharp division, with a majority supporting the military government.

Question 11

The military dictatorship in Argentina from 1976 to 1983

Accepted Answer

A)  brought a tremendous economic boom to the nation. 
B)  engendered an unprecedented reign of terror. 
C)  vastly improved the status of the working class. 
D)  improved the upholding of civil rights.

Question 12

What conclusions did the Mexican experience with dependent capitalist development suggest concerning the neoliberal program's viability as a solution for the problems of Latin American backwardness and poverty?

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Exam 12: Deconstructing the State: Dictatorship and Neoliberal Markets