Question 1

As stated in the Frank-Starling law,a direct relationship exists between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure; force 
B)  Volume; strength 
C)  Viscosity; force 
D)  Viscosity; strength

Question 2

What is the major effect of a calcium channel blocker such as verapamil on cardiac contractions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the rate of cardiac contractions. 
B)  Decreases the strength of cardiac contractions. 
C)  Stabilizes the rhythm of cardiac contractions. 
D)  Stabilizes the vasodilation during cardiac contractions.

Question 3

Which function of the cardiovascular system is often affected by ischemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac output (CO) 
B)  Stroke volume (SV) 
C)  Heart rate (HR) 
D)  Cardiac index (CI)

Question 4

Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures result in which disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitral regurgitation 
B)  Mitral stenosis 
C)  Pulmonary edema 
D)  Jugular vein distention

Question 5

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Cross-bridge theory

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension, intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 6

The right lymphatic duct drains into which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right subclavian artery 
B)  Right atrium 
C)  Right subclavian vein 
D)  Superior vena cava

Question 7

What causes depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to potassium 
B)  Rapid movement of sodium into the cell 
C)  Decrease in the movement of sodium out of the cell 
D)  Rapid movement of calcium out of the cell

Question 8

What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell) 
B)  1:2 (one capillary per two muscle cells) 
C)  1:4 (one capillary per four muscle cells) 
D)  1:10 (one capillary per ten muscle cells)

Question 9

The resting heart rate in a healthy person is primarily under the control of which nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sympathetic 
B)  Parasympathetic 
C)  Somatic 
D)  Spinal

Question 10

What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volume of blood in the systemic circulation 
B)  Muscle layer of the metarterioles 
C)  Muscle layer of the arterioles 
D)  Force of ventricular contraction

Question 11

Which event occurs during phase 1 of the normal myocardial cell depolarization and repolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repolarization when potassium moves out of the cells 
B)  Repolarization when sodium rapidly enters into the cells 
C)  Early repolarization when sodium slowly enters the cells 
D)  Early repolarization when calcium slowly enters the cells

Question 12

What is the effect of epinephrine on b₃ receptors on the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases coronary blood flow. 
B)  Supplements the effects of both b1 and b2 receptors. 
C)  Increases the strength of myocardial contraction. 
D)  Prevents overstimulation of the heart by the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 13

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Laplace's law

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension, intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 14

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA)node because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  Has a superior location in the right atrium. 
B)  Is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  Has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D)  Depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.

Question 15

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Left ventricle 
D)  Right ventricle

Question 16

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Bainbridge reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension, intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 17

The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atria 
B)  Aorta 
C)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
D)  Ventricles

Question 18

Which complex (wave)represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  PRS 
B)  QRS 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P

Question 19

Which intracardiac pressure is produced because of the descent of the tricuspid valve ring and by the ejection of blood from both ventricles?

Accepted Answer

A)  V wave 
B)  C wave 
C)  Y descent 
D)  X descent

Question 20

What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arterial stiffening 
B)  Decreased left ventricular wall tension 
C)  Decreased aortic wall thickness 
D)  Arteriosclerosis

Exam 31: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

As stated in the Frank-Starling law,a direct relationship exists between the _ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _ of contraction during the next systole.

What is the major effect of a calcium channel blocker such as verapamil on cardiac contractions?

Which function of the cardiovascular system is often affected by ischemia?

Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures result in which disorder?

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Cross-bridge theory

The right lymphatic duct drains into which structure?

What causes depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell to occur?

What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells?

The resting heart rate in a healthy person is primarily under the control of which nervous system?

What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?

Which event occurs during phase 1 of the normal myocardial cell depolarization and repolarization?

What is the effect of epinephrine on b₃ receptors on the heart?

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Laplace's law

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because it:

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Bainbridge reflex

The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location?

Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations?

Which intracardiac pressure is produced because of the descent of the tricuspid valve ring and by the ejection of blood from both ventricles?

What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?