Question 1

Several measures of association can be interpreted as indicating proportional reduction in error. What does this mean

Accepted Answer

A) the amount error is reduced by eliminating missing cases 
B) how much knowing the value of the independent variable helps to reduce error in predicting values of the dependent variable 
C) the amount measurement error is reduced by applying statistical controls 
D) how much knowing the value of the dependent variable helps to reduce error in predicting values of the independent variable

Question 2

For nominal, ordinal, and interval levels of data, identify and briefly describe an appropriate measure of association.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For nominal, ordinal, and interval levels of...

Question 3

The category in a distribution that contains a larger number of cases than any other category is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) mean. 
B) median. 
C) mode. 
D) standard deviation.

Question 4

The function of descriptive statistics is to:

Accepted Answer

A) allow generalizations from sample data to populations. 
B) aid in organizing, summarizing, and interpreting sample data. 
C) infer sample data from entire populations. 
D) avoid the expense of coding the data.

Question 5

Identify and describe three measures of central tendency and three measures of dispersion.Indicate what considerations are made regarding their appropriate use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and describe three measures of central...

Question 6

One of the weaknesses of the mean as a measure of central tendency is that:

Accepted Answer

A) there can be more than one mean in a distribution. 
B) it produces a misleading result when a distribution is symmetrical. 
C) it is less stable than the median. 
D) it does not take into account the actual value of all scores in a distribution.

Question 7

A chi-square statistic indicates:

Accepted Answer

A) whether a relationship exists between two variables in a population. 
B) the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population. 
C) the direction of the relationship between two variables in a population. 
D) both the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables in a population..

Question 8

In inferential statistics, type I or alpha error is:

Accepted Answer

A) failing to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false. 
B) a common error in calculating the correlation coefficient. 
C) increased by using a very stringent alpha level such as .001. 
D) none of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Explain the steps in statistical hypothesis testing. Include the concepts of null hypothesis, research hypothesis, alpha level, and beta level in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the steps in statistical hypothesis testing....

Question 10

If a statistic is designed for nominal level of measurement, then it would be appropriate to use that statistic on data at all these levels of measurement EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) ordinal. 
B) interval. 
C) ratio. 
D) all of the answers are levels of measurement upon which it would be appropriate to use a statistic designed for nominal level.

Question 11

The function of inferential statistics is to:

Accepted Answer

A) do exploratory analysis. 
B) make findings look impressive. 
C) aid in organizing, summarizing, and interpreting sample data. 
D) allow generalizations from sample data to populations.

Question 12

What is the difference between fully ordered and partially ordered data

Accepted Answer

A) Fully ordered data has numerous ties and partially ordered data does not. 
B) The categories of fully ordered data are naturally occurring whereas the categories of partially ordered data are created by the researcher. 
C) Partially ordered data has numerous ties and fully ordered data does not. 
D) Only fully ordered data is considered ordinal level.

Question 13

Measures of dispersion indicate:

Accepted Answer

A) the strength of relationships. 
B) the average value in a distribution. 
C) the amount of spread of a distribution. 
D) the amount of skewness of a distribution.

Question 14

A more common term for measures of central tendency is:

Accepted Answer

A) correlators. 
B) averages. 
C) coefficients. 
D) variances.

Question 15

The statistical procedure called multiple regression:

Accepted Answer

A) is another name for analysis of variance. 
B) uses one independent variable to predict values of more than one dependent variable. 
C) uses more than one independent variable to predict values of one dependent variable. 
D) generates a value called lambda.

Question 16

The semi-interquartile range indicates the deviation of a set of scores from the:

Accepted Answer

A) mode. 
B) median. 
C) mean. 
D) none of the answers is correct.

Question 17

Identify the level of measurement and the type of research question for which these inferential statistical procedures might be used: chi square, ANOVA, multiple regression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the level of measurement and the...

Question 18

In computing chi square, expected frequencies are:

Accepted Answer

A) the distribution of cases if the two variables were not related to one another. 
B) frequencies predicted by our research hypothesis. 
C) the actual distribution of cases from the sample. 
D) the distribution of cases if the two variables were perfectly associated.

Question 19

In statistical hypothesis testing, a Type II error is the same as:

Accepted Answer

A) beta error. 
B) alpha error. 
C) systematic error. 
D) random error.

Question 20

A sampling distribution is:

Accepted Answer

A) the distribution of scores from a single sample. 
B) used to test the null hypothesis. 
C) a theoretical distribution of statistics from an infinite number of samples. 
D) used to test the null hypothesis, and a theoretical distribution of statistics from an infinite number of samples.

Exam 15: Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics