Question 1

When many genes work together to determine a characteristic, there may be a large range of phenotypes that are expressed. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because each allele of the genes may be differently structured, leaving a large variety of outcomes. 
B)  Because there are many combinations of dominant and recessive genes that can lead to various levels of the characteristic being expressed. 
C)  Because each gene is contributed to by a different chromosome, bringing more phenotypical variety into the characteristic. 
D)  Because the genes all work to "cancel" each other out, leaving only one "odd" gene to express the phenotype.

Question 2

The third stage of childbirth (labor) involves the expulsion of the afterbirth, also called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The third stage of childbirth (labor) involves...

Question 3

Which of the following properties is widely accepted with regard to the relationship between genes and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes actually change and break down as we age, which is why our actions change so dramatically as we get older. 
B)  Environmental influences typically make children within the family very similar to each other. 
C)  Genes cannot influence the kind of environment to which a person is exposed. 
D)  Heredity and environment interact dynamically throughout development.

Question 4

List the different stages (phases) of childbirth and note what occurs to start and end each stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the different stages (phases) of childbirth...

Question 5

For 10 	to 15% of new mothers, the baby blues extends into months of irritability, feelings of low self-worth and apathy, and sleep and appetite disturbances. This condition, called postpartum ________, can influence a child's development if it persists.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosis 
B)  depression 
C)  anxiety 
D)  couvade

Question 6

The research is now clear, and states that a pregnant woman may safely consume up to three glasses of red wine a week. Alternately, she may have the equivalent of four ounces of "hard liquor" or two standard sized cans or bottles of beer. These small amounts of alcohol have been found to be safe for the unborn child.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Lucy is currently expecting her first child, and she is talking to her friend Dale, who does not have any children of his own. Dale knows very little about human development, and asks Lucy how the food she eats gets to the developing child. Lucy smiles and shakes her head, before saying,

Accepted Answer

A)  The uterus is responsible for doing all of that. Why do you think that is where the baby grows? 
B)  The germ disc separates me from the child, but has a small hole in it that allows vitamins and nutrients to get to the child. 
C)  The umbilicus is responsible for taking food out of my system and delivering it directly into the baby's stomach. 
D)  There is a structure called the placenta that helps my body exchange nutrients and waste with the baby.

Question 8

Steve is on a first date with Valerie, who is very enamored with his beautiful blue eyes. Steve's ________, or the physical expression of his genetic code, may have guaranteed him a second date!

Accepted Answer

The answer of Steve is on a first date with...

Question 9

Only a single sperm cell can successfully make the journey up a woman's Fallopian tube to an unfertilized egg.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Postpartum depression

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in about 50 percent of new mothers. 
B)  is more common following planned pregnancies than unplanned pregnancies. 
C)  is a purely psychological phenomenon (i.e., has no physiological basis). 
D)  may be reduced via breast-feeding.

Question 11

Despite the fact that a human female has a normal pregnancy duration (or gestational period) of 38 weeks, people often refer to pregnancy as a 40-week event. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the heightened influence of teratogens in the world today has actually extended the duration of pregnancy from conception to delivery. 
B)  Because pregnancy usually begins two weeks after a woman's menstrual period, and that is the time from which the beginning of pregnancy is measured. 
C)  Because the duration of pregnancy actually gets longer as a woman ages, and it ranges from 38 to 42 weeks. 40 weeks is the average, so that is what people say. 
D)  Because physicians want to allow for a two-week "window" at the end of the pregnancy so that women do not become concerned if they have not delivered by the end of the 38th week.

Question 12

The ________ is a structure that contains veins and arteries and connects a developing child to the placenta.

Accepted Answer

A)  umbilical cord 
B)  amnion 
C)  germ disc 
D)  blastocyst

Question 13

If a woman smokes cigarettes or other forms of tobacco during pregnancy, which of the following effects is MOST likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more likely to give birth to a child with cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia. 
B)  They are more likely to have a child who is born in the "breech" position, thus complicating their delivery and increasing the odds of requiring a Caesarian section procedure. 
C)  They are more likely to have a child born suffering from spina bifida 
D)  They are more likely to suffer a miscarriage or to have a child born with a lower birth weight

Question 14

Infant mortality rate is defined as the percentage of infants who die

Accepted Answer

A)  before birth. 
B)  during birth. 
C)  before their first birthday. 
D)  before their second birthday.

Question 15

When a phenotype reflects the combined activity and influence of many separate genes, the pattern is known as ________ inheritance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a phenotype reflects the combined activity...

Question 16

If a physician informed you that your speech disorder was the result of problems on chromosomes 4, 7, and 15, you would rightly conclude that the disorder is always classifiable as

Accepted Answer

A)  recessive. 
B)  polygenic. 
C)  dominant. 
D)  sex-linked.

Question 17

Pregnant Patty's body is currently experiencing the event that triggers hormonal changes that will prevent further menstruation. This event is called

Accepted Answer

A)  implantation. 
B)  conception. 
C)  dilation. 
D)  effacement.

Question 18

During pregnancy, it is necessary for the mother to eat 10% to 20% more than regular in order to adequately provide for the needs of her unborn child.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Your authors point out that teenage women have a greater chance of having problems during their pregnancy, labor, and delivery than pregnant women in their 20s. They suggest that this is mainly because

Accepted Answer

A)  pregnant teenagers are more likely to be economically disadvantaged and lack good prenatal care. 
B)  pregnant teenagers are more likely to smoke cigarettes during pregnancy. 
C)  pregnant teenagers are more likely to drink alcohol during pregnancy. 
D)  pregnant teenagers are less likely to get adequate sleep and rest during pregnancy.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the chemical compounds that makes up a strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  depranine 
B)  adenine 
C)  thymine 
D)  cytocine

Exam 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth

When many genes work together to determine a characteristic, there may be a large range of phenotypes that are expressed. Why is this?

The third stage of childbirth (labor) involves the expulsion of the afterbirth, also called the ________.

Which of the following properties is widely accepted with regard to the relationship between genes and behaviors?

List the different stages (phases) of childbirth and note what occurs to start and end each stage.

For 10 to 15% of new mothers, the baby blues extends into months of irritability, feelings of low self-worth and apathy, and sleep and appetite disturbances. This condition, called postpartum ________, can influence a child's development if it persists.

Lucy is currently expecting her first child, and she is talking to her friend Dale, who does not have any children of his own. Dale knows very little about human development, and asks Lucy how the food she eats gets to the developing child. Lucy smiles and shakes her head, before saying,

Steve is on a first date with Valerie, who is very enamored with his beautiful blue eyes. Steve's ________, or the physical expression of his genetic code, may have guaranteed him a second date!

Only a single sperm cell can successfully make the journey up a woman's Fallopian tube to an unfertilized egg.

Postpartum depression

Despite the fact that a human female has a normal pregnancy duration (or gestational period) of 38 weeks, people often refer to pregnancy as a 40-week event. Why is this?

The ________ is a structure that contains veins and arteries and connects a developing child to the placenta.

If a woman smokes cigarettes or other forms of tobacco during pregnancy, which of the following effects is MOST likely to occur?

Infant mortality rate is defined as the percentage of infants who die

When a phenotype reflects the combined activity and influence of many separate genes, the pattern is known as ________ inheritance.

If a physician informed you that your speech disorder was the result of problems on chromosomes 4, 7, and 15, you would rightly conclude that the disorder is always classifiable as

Pregnant Patty's body is currently experiencing the event that triggers hormonal changes that will prevent further menstruation. This event is called

During pregnancy, it is necessary for the mother to eat 10% to 20% more than regular in order to adequately provide for the needs of her unborn child.

Your authors point out that teenage women have a greater chance of having problems during their pregnancy, labor, and delivery than pregnant women in their 20s. They suggest that this is mainly because

Which of the following is NOT one of the chemical compounds that makes up a strand of DNA?