Question 1

Jamie is a rather self-centered child who does not like to help other people. Describe three things Jamie's parents could do to make it more likely that Jamie will engage in altruistic behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jamie is a rather self-centered child who...

Question 2

Present, in correct order, the four stages by which attachment develops between a child and caregiver. Not what happens at each stage, and the approximate ages of each stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Present, in correct order, the four stages...

Question 3

The child who responds to his/her parent as if they were saying, "Why do you keep leaving me to fend for myself?" is demonstrating a(n) ________ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The child who responds to his/her parent...

Question 4

When two children share the same toys and play with them in the same way, working together to refine their chosen game, they are engaging in parallel play.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Research consistently finds that fathers and mothers treat their children differently based on the child's sex. Which of the following statements accurately explains some of this difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fathers respond to children to promote direct aggression, while mothers respond to children to promote relational aggression. 
B)  Mothers respond to children based on their individual needs, while fathers respond to children based on gender stereotypes. 
C)  Mothers respond to children to promote direct aggression, while Fathers respond to children to promote relational aggression. 
D)  Fathers respond to children based on their individual needs, while mothers respond to children based on gender stereotypes.

Question 6

Play among girls is often described as ________, while play among boys is often described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  antisocial; prosocial 
B)  enabling; constricting 
C)  prosocial; antisocial 
D)  constricting; enabling

Question 7

All acts of altruistic and cooperative behavior are also

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial behaviors. 
B)  basic emotions. 
C)  examples of dispositional praise. 
D)  social roles.

Question 8

A blend of autonomy, shame, and doubt give rise to ________, the knowledge that, within limits, a youngster can act on his/her world with intentionality.

Accepted Answer

A)  industry 
B)  hope 
C)  will 
D)  purpose

Question 9

When children play alone but remain aware of and interested in what another child is doing, they are engaging in ________ play.

Accepted Answer

A)  collaborative 
B)  imitative 
C)  onlooker 
D)  parallel

Question 10

A ________ is a set of cultural guidelines that dictate how a person should behave, particularly with other people.

Accepted Answer

A)  social role 
B)  social rule 
C)  social norm 
D)  social more

Question 11

Hank and his son Adam like to play a game on Hank's cell phone. The game involves looking at cubes with letters in them and finding words. Sometimes Hank plays below his own skill level so that Adam can win, and other times Hank plays a little harder to encourage Adam to develop his own skills. In this scenario, Hank is occupying the role of

Accepted Answer

A)  mediator. 
B)  playmate. 
C)  coach. 
D)  social director.

Question 12

According to gender-schema theory, in order to decide where to learn more about an object, a child must first

Accepted Answer

A)  decide whether the object is associated with females or males. 
B)  play with the object. 
C)  develop gender constancy. 
D)  be reinforced for interacting with the object.

Question 13

Many parents play the "What do you want to be when you grow up?" game with their children. Perhaps they don't realize that this question, in Erikson's theory, helps preschoolers develop a sense of

Accepted Answer

A)  initiative. 
B)  industry. 
C)  autonomy. 
D)  basic trust.

Question 14

Young Jim experiences the sadness of his friend Abdul when Abdul's dog runs away. Jim is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy. 
B)  cooperation. 
C)  altruism. 
D)  sympathy.

Question 15

Erikson suggested that a child who is able to successfully balance autonomy with shame and doubt will develop a sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson suggested that a child who is...

Question 16

Prosocial behavior where both involved parties benefit is to ________ as prosocial behavior where the actor does not benefit is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperation; altruism 
B)  altruism; empathy 
C)  empathy; altruism 
D)  cooperation; altruism.

Question 17

What are three techniques that older children might use to enhance their emotional self-regulation skills?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are three techniques that older children...

Question 18

According to Erikson, a proper balance of trust and mistrust leads children to develop a sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  efficacy 
B)  hope 
C)  equilibration 
D)  egocentrism

Question 19

________ refers to an enduring socioemotional relationship between a child and his or her caregivers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Affectivity 
B)  Bonding 
C)  Attachment 
D)  Industry

Question 20

According to Maccoby (1998), the tendency for preschool children to gravitate toward peers of the same sex has three distinct features. They include all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children spontaneously choose same-sex playmates without adult pressure. 
B)  Children are interested in activities of the opposite sex peers, but resist their interest to avoid the scorn of same-sex peers. 
C)  Children resist parental pressure to play with children of the opposite sex. 
D)  Children are obviously reluctant to play with opposite sex peers, even when doing gender-neutral activities.

Exam 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and