Kenny Is Taking His 12-Year-Old Daughter, Nikki, to the Hospital

Multiple Choice

Kenny is taking his 12-year-old daughter, Nikki, to the hospital late one night after she fell out of bed and cut her head. She is holding a bloody towel to the gash on her forehead as Kenny sits waiting at a red traffic light. He checks oncoming traffic, sees that there are no cars coming in either direction, and decides to drive through the red light to get her to the hospital faster. This decision to break a well-understood rule of driving reflects the _________ substage of postconventional morality in Kohlberg's theory.

A) social contract
B) social systems morality
C) universal ethics
D) instrumental orientation