Question 1

A good theory is one that can be tested and is reliable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If the correlation between two variables is zero:

Accepted Answer

A)  higher scores on one are associated with higher scores on the other. 
B)  they are perfectly related. 
C)  there is no relationship between them. 
D)  they are inversely related.

Question 3

In the field of psychopathology, what is the most common use of the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evaluating the effects of therapies 
B)  Discovering the causes of disorders 
C)  Disconfirming the results of correlational studies 
D)  Identifying third variables

Question 4

James and Marc are discussing the disadvantages of case studies, most specifically the degree of subjectivity involved. James challenges this, though, by stating that since interviews can be __________, multiple people can evaluate the content.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcribed 
B)  watched via closed-circuit television 
C)  recorded 
D)  lengthy

Question 5

Dr. Klein found that the correlation between anxiety and an IQ test was exactly zero. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there was no relationship between IQ and anxiety. 
B)  those scoring highest on anxiety also scored highest on IQ. 
C)  those scoring highest on anxiety scored lowest on IQ. 
D)  the relationship between IQ and anxiety varies depending on the order in which the tests were given.

Question 6

According to the results of the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study, the biggest early risk factor for a subsequent mental disorder is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Failure to graduate from high school 
B)  Low income 
C)  Being unemployed 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

Dr. Hyper treated 20 patients using a new therapeutic procedure. An outside observer rated the children's activity level on a laboratory task before and after the treatment; 80% of the children decreased their activity level following treatment, and Dr. Hyper concluded that the procedure was highly effective. In Dr. Hyper's experiment, what is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  The children's diagnosis as hyperactive or not 
B)  The presence of the observer 
C)  The new therapeutic procedure 
D)  The children's activity level

Question 8

Theory can be defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  The pursuit of systemized knowledge through observation 
B)  The systematic acquisition and evaluation of information 
C)  Expectations about what should occur 
D)  A set of propositions meant to explain a class of phenomena

Question 9

A research team is doing a study of the effectiveness of medication vs. psychotherapy for treating schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either medication or psychotherapy. Which of the following is a classificatory variable in the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Which treatment the participants received 
B)  The number of symptoms that improved as a result of treatment 
C)  The diagnoses given to the participants 
D)  The length of treatment

Question 10

For her dissertation, Isabelle is interviewing ten women about their experiences of going to university full-time while battling an eating disorder. What type of research is she conducting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case study research 
B)  Experimental research 
C)  Qualitative research 
D)  Quantitative research

Question 11

A study finds that socioeconomic status is associated with child behaviour problems (r = -.75). From a correlational research perspective, which of the following conclusions is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lower socioeconomic status is inversely related to child behaviour problems 
B)  Child behaviour problems cause lower socioeconomic status 
C)  There is a relationship between wealth and childhood behaviour problems 
D)  Lower socioeconomic status is related to child behaviour problems, but does not necessarily cause the problems

Question 12

Theories are typically guided by paradigms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Persons with schizophrenia are randomly assigned to either an attention-training group or a social skills training group. Equal numbers of males and females were in each training group. Scores on a measure of thought disorder, a prominent symptom in schizophrenia, were examined after the end of the training sessions. Which is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schizophrenia 
B)  Thought disorder scores 
C)  Treatment groups (attention or social skills) 
D)  Gender of the participants

Question 14

A case study of Rebecca (a patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa complicated by depression and alcohol abuse) presented by Hendricks and Thompson (2005) found that IPT was most effective in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing self-confidence 
B)  Eliminating binge eating 
C)  Reducing suicide ideation 
D)  Reducing purging behaviours

Question 15

Dr. Hyper treated 20 patients using a new therapeutic procedure. An outside observer rated the children's activity level on a laboratory task before and after the treatment; 80% of the children decreased their activity level following treatment, and Dr. Hyper concluded that the procedure was highly effective. Which of the following is a likely a confound in Dr. Hyper's experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The children were not truly hyperactive. 
B)  The children decreased their activity level because the task was no longer novel. 
C)  The person who rated the children's activity level was biased. 
D)  The children improved because they were just trying to please the experimenter.

Question 16

The directionality problem in correlational research refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  The common tendency for inexperienced researchers to mistakenly interpret a negative correlation as a positive correlation 
B)  Being unable to detect causal relations from correlational data 
C)  The biases of the researcher leading him or her astray from the truth 
D)  None of the above

Question 17

A theorist proposed that anorexia was caused by early child sexual abuse. Dr. Firestorm demonstrated that her anorexic patient had never been sexually abused. This is an example of one important use of which method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case study 
B)  Epidemiological 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Experimental

Question 18

A strong correlation tells us that one variable causes a second variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Mixed designs are most useful in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Determining cause and effect. 
B)  Identifying which particular treatment is best for which group of patients. 
C)  Examining relations between disorders and prevalence. 
D)  Obtaining internally valid results.

Question 20

Statistical significance is used to evaluate:

Accepted Answer

A)  the causal relationship between variables. 
B)  the external validity of research results. 
C)  the likelihood of repeating research results. 
D)  the theoretical consistency of research results.

Exam 5: Research Methods In The Study of Abnormal Behaviour

A good theory is one that can be tested and is reliable.

If the correlation between two variables is zero:

In the field of psychopathology, what is the most common use of the experiment?

James and Marc are discussing the disadvantages of case studies, most specifically the degree of subjectivity involved. James challenges this, though, by stating that since interviews can be __________, multiple people can evaluate the content.

Dr. Klein found that the correlation between anxiety and an IQ test was exactly zero. This means that:

According to the results of the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study, the biggest early risk factor for a subsequent mental disorder is:

Theory can be defined as:

A research team is doing a study of the effectiveness of medication vs. psychotherapy for treating schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either medication or psychotherapy. Which of the following is a classificatory variable in the study?

For her dissertation, Isabelle is interviewing ten women about their experiences of going to university full-time while battling an eating disorder. What type of research is she conducting?

A study finds that socioeconomic status is associated with child behaviour problems (r = -.75) . From a correlational research perspective, which of the following conclusions is the most appropriate?

Theories are typically guided by paradigms.

A case study of Rebecca (a patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa complicated by depression and alcohol abuse) presented by Hendricks and Thompson (2005) found that IPT was most effective in:

The directionality problem in correlational research refers to:

A theorist proposed that anorexia was caused by early child sexual abuse. Dr. Firestorm demonstrated that her anorexic patient had never been sexually abused. This is an example of one important use of which method?

A strong correlation tells us that one variable causes a second variable.

Mixed designs are most useful in:

Statistical significance is used to evaluate: