Question 1

Most clinical training programs train students in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalysis 
B)  Behaviourism 
C)  Cognitive-behavioural therapy 
D)  An eclectic mix of therapies from various theoretical orientations

Question 2

Joe has a choice between two therapists - Hal, who has been in clinical practice for 20 years, or Michael, who recently completed his training as a counselor. Assuming all other variables are the same, if Joe wants to have a better experience, based on research, which therapist should he choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hal 
B)  Michael 
C)  Either one - therapist experience is unrelated to treatment outcome 
D)  Neither - Joe will have more success with a female therapist

Question 3

The earliest treatment manuals were developed:

Accepted Answer

A)  By Freud and his followers. 
B)  For evaluating outcome of psychodynamic therapy among Neo-Freudians. 
C)  In evaluating systematic desensitization trials. 
D)  For cognitive therapy outcome studies.

Question 4

According to Dobson and Hamilton (2002), what should efficacy researchers try to maximize in their studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal validity 
B)  External validity 
C)  Ecological validity 
D)  Experimental validity

Question 5

Which of the following diagnoses is commonly overlooked in controlled research studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Major depression 
B)  Panic disorder 
C)  Adjustment disorder 
D)  Borderline personality disorder

Question 6

Saul, in treatment for anger, has found that anger control methods have helped him function at work and in relationships better. However, he has also found that identifying the early manifestations of his anger have helped him feel less anger overall, and the need to control it has diminished. He has accomplished this with the same therapist. This is an illustration of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive therapy 
B)  Brief psychodynamic therapy 
C)  Psychotherapy integration 
D)  Family therapy

Question 7

Conflict in marriage, or any relationship, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  O.k., so long as it's not too intense or too often 
B)  A very bad indicator of long-term success 
C)  A sure sign of impending divorce (or break-up) 
D)  Totally normal

Question 8

In virtuo exposure is used as a pre-cursor to in vivo exposure for treating phobias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

By current standards, in order to conduct a therapy trial, a researcher must:

Accepted Answer

A)  Have a therapy manual. 
B)  Have access to licensed therapists. 
C)  Be affiliated with a medical school. 
D)  Be familiar with psychopharmacological agents.

Question 10

Motivational interviewing is increasingly combined with _____ in treatment of diverse disorders, such as anxiety and depression.

Accepted Answer

A)  CBT 
B)  REBT 
C)  Gestalt 
D)  Client-centred

Question 11

Compassion focused therapy has been successful with:

Accepted Answer

A)  People who did not respond to CBT 
B)  People who practice self-compassion 
C)  People who are highly motivated for treatment 
D)  Research has not yet been conducted with compassion focused therapy

Question 12

Transference is a key element of both classical psychoanalysis and brief psychodynamic therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A meta-analysis by Dobson (1989) revealed that greater short-term improvements for depression symptoms were achieved using:

Accepted Answer

A)  Drug therapy 
B)  Non-cognitive behavioural therapy 
C)  Beck's cognitive therapy 
D)  None of the above; there were no difference found among therapies

Question 14

The demoralization hypothesis is used to explain why some people do not respond to therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Beck's Cognitive Therapy and Ellis' Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy differ in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Beck's approach is more collaborative with the client. 
B)  Ellis' methods are ground more in scientific methods. 
C)  Ellis' approach is more didactic. 
D)  None of these are correct; these two therapies are identical.

Question 16

International experts who conduct psychotherapy research estimate that ________ of clients get worse as a result of therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  2% 
B)  10% 
C)  15% 
D)  25%

Question 17

Research indicates that therapeutic alliance:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is unrelated to client treatment preferences 
B)  Ratings by clients and therapists are generally highly correlated 
C)  Is associated with rapid decline in maladjustment across different treatment modalities 
D)  Tends to change substantially throughout the course of treatment

Question 18

Efforts to establish generalization of treatment gains is sometimes accomplished by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Intermittent reinforcement 
B)  Reducing secondary gain 
C)  Providing reinforcement from the environment 
D)  All of the above choices are correct

Question 19

After several weeks of therapy, George's therapist visits his home and manipulates his surroundings in order to support the changes they've made in therapy. This generalization attempt is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Naturalistic reinforcement 
B)  Environmental modification 
C)  Eliminating secondary gain 
D)  Relapse prevention

Question 20

Therapists from which of the following orientations are more focused on the present than Freud's approach was, but still emphasize unconscious motivations that underlie behind current feelings and behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychodynamic therapists 
B)  Classical psychoanalysts 
C)  Interpersonal therapists 
D)  Primal therapists

Exam 17: Outcomes And Issues In Psychological Intervention

Most clinical training programs train students in:

Joe has a choice between two therapists - Hal, who has been in clinical practice for 20 years, or Michael, who recently completed his training as a counselor. Assuming all other variables are the same, if Joe wants to have a better experience, based on research, which therapist should he choose?

The earliest treatment manuals were developed:

According to Dobson and Hamilton (2002) , what should efficacy researchers try to maximize in their studies?

Which of the following diagnoses is commonly overlooked in controlled research studies?

Conflict in marriage, or any relationship, is:

In virtuo exposure is used as a pre-cursor to in vivo exposure for treating phobias.

By current standards, in order to conduct a therapy trial, a researcher must:

Motivational interviewing is increasingly combined with _____ in treatment of diverse disorders, such as anxiety and depression.

Compassion focused therapy has been successful with:

Transference is a key element of both classical psychoanalysis and brief psychodynamic therapy.

A meta-analysis by Dobson (1989) revealed that greater short-term improvements for depression symptoms were achieved using:

The demoralization hypothesis is used to explain why some people do not respond to therapy.

Beck's Cognitive Therapy and Ellis' Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy differ in that:

International experts who conduct psychotherapy research estimate that ________ of clients get worse as a result of therapy.

Research indicates that therapeutic alliance:

Efforts to establish generalization of treatment gains is sometimes accomplished by:

After several weeks of therapy, George's therapist visits his home and manipulates his surroundings in order to support the changes they've made in therapy. This generalization attempt is referred to as:

Therapists from which of the following orientations are more focused on the present than Freud's approach was, but still emphasize unconscious motivations that underlie behind current feelings and behaviours?