Question 1

The best way to read people's emotions is usually

Accepted Answer

A)  body language.
B)  facial expressions.
C)  what they say.
D)  gestures. B

Question 2

The evolutionary origins of disgust are likely associated with the rejection of

Accepted Answer

A)  people who were emotionally hurtful.
B)  bad-tasting and likely illness-inducing foods.
C)  disapproval of others' behavior.
D)  dangerous animals. B

Question 3

Shame is associated with which of the following, especially in boys?

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated reactions to cortisol
B)  decreased reactions to cortisol
C)  indifference to cortisol's intended purpose
D)  lack of production of cortisol A

Question 4

Which of the following is the last important basic emotion to emerge in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  sadness
B)  joy
C)  fear
D)  anger

Question 5

Emotional expressions that emerge after infancy are disgust and interest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The most important innovation in personality theory over the past 20 years has been the development of the

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanford-Binet test
B)  Five Factor Model
C)  Wechsler scales
D)  Dimensions of Temperament

Question 7

Which of the following is not a major aspect of emotional development?

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional expression
B)  emotional recognition
C)  emotional retreat
D)  emotional self-regulation

Question 8

Most psychologists agree that all of the following characterize temperament except

Accepted Answer

A)   it has a clear biological, constitutional, or inherited basis.
B)  it is present and observable at birth or shortly thereafter.
C)  it is not the same as personality.
D)  it is relatively stable over time.

Question 9

Specific secondary emotions are probably subject most to

Accepted Answer

A)  shame.
B)  cultural variation.
C)  love.
D)  human nature.

Question 10

Most adolescents in most countries today view the period of adolescence as

Accepted Answer

A)  a time of great disruption.
B)  a troublesome and tumultuous period in their lives
C)  a time when they must rebel against their parents to achieve adult psychological well-being.
D)  basically a healthy, happy, and optimistic time.

Question 11

Longitudinal studies based on the Five Factor Model and using test-retest correlations have found all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  stability estimates are moderate in magnitude, even from childhood to adulthood.
B)  stability increases with age.
C)  stability decreases as the time interval between observations increases.
D)  Stability markedly varies across the Big Five traits.

Question 12

Psychologists are most interested in the risk taking behavior of

Accepted Answer

A)  children.
B)  girls
C)  boys.
D)  adolescents.

Question 13

Separation distress, which develops in the second half of the first year of life, is linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  stranger distress.
B)  negative emotionality.
C)  the establishment of attachment.
D)  biological sensitivity to context.

Question 14

Caspi and Shiner propose all of the following as specific ways in which temperament and personality can affect children's experiences and thus shape their development except

Accepted Answer

A)  some learning experiences will be more rewarding than others.
B)  some experiences will be interpreted differently.
C)  self-evaluations are the one thing that does not vary.
D)  the ways in which children attempt to shape their environments and people in them vary.

Question 15

Internalizing emotions reflect acting out, such that one's behavior adversely affects other people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Infants beginning around 12 months of age

Accepted Answer

A)  display a negative bias.
B)  display a positive bias.
C)  take the positive cues adults give them more seriously than the negative cues.
D)  are self-absorbed and no affected by positive or negative cues.

Question 17

Extraversion is a factor in the Five Factor Model in which individuals are diligent, planful, careful, and focused, whereas those low in this trait are irresponsible, unreliable, careless, and distractible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Secondary emotions are a reflection of children's emerging cognitive development, especially their ability for

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness.b self-preservation.
B)  subconscious thoughts.
C)  motivation.

Question 19

Most researchers today do not see adolescence as a time of great disruption for most youngsters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What percentage of adolescents experience clinical depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  between 5% and 7%
B)  between 15% and 20%
C)  between 30% and 35%
D)  between 47% and 50%

Exam 11: Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

The best way to read people's emotions is usually

The evolutionary origins of disgust are likely associated with the rejection of

Shame is associated with which of the following, especially in boys?

Which of the following is the last important basic emotion to emerge in infancy?

Emotional expressions that emerge after infancy are disgust and interest.

The most important innovation in personality theory over the past 20 years has been the development of the

Which of the following is not a major aspect of emotional development?

Most psychologists agree that all of the following characterize temperament except

Specific secondary emotions are probably subject most to

Most adolescents in most countries today view the period of adolescence as

Longitudinal studies based on the Five Factor Model and using test-retest correlations have found all of the following except

Psychologists are most interested in the risk taking behavior of

Separation distress, which develops in the second half of the first year of life, is linked to

Caspi and Shiner propose all of the following as specific ways in which temperament and personality can affect children's experiences and thus shape their development except

Internalizing emotions reflect acting out, such that one's behavior adversely affects other people.

Infants beginning around 12 months of age

Extraversion is a factor in the Five Factor Model in which individuals are diligent, planful, careful, and focused, whereas those low in this trait are irresponsible, unreliable, careless, and distractible.

Secondary emotions are a reflection of children's emerging cognitive development, especially their ability for

Most researchers today do not see adolescence as a time of great disruption for most youngsters.

What percentage of adolescents experience clinical depression?