Question 1

The stimulus substitution model predicts which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The general form of the CR will be similar to the form of the UR. 
B)  The general form of the CR will be different from the form of the UR. 
C)  The response to the CS will be identical to the response to the US. 
D)  The response to the CS will be stronger than the response to the US.

Question 2

Short CS-US intervals elicit _____ behavior.Longer CS-US intervals elicit _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  focal search; consummatory 
B)  general search; consummatory 
C)  focal search; general search 
D)  general search; focal search

Question 3

Kamin's blocking experiment demonstrates that classical conditioning occurs only when

Accepted Answer

A)  the CS is unexpected. 
B)  the US is unexpected. 
C)  the CS is expected. 
D)  the US is expected.

Question 4

Sensory preconditioning challenges the criterion of differential biological strength in associative learning due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the US has much biological strength in sensory preconditioning procedures. 
B)  Only the CS has much biological strength in sensory preconditioning procedures. 
C)  Neither of the stimuli being associated has much biological strength in sensory preconditioning procedures. 
D)  Both of the stimuli being associated have biological strength in sensory preconditioning procedures.

Question 5

In a sign tracking experiment,one group of pigeons will be trained with a water US,another with a food US.In a comparison of conditioned responding,you expect to find that pecking will develop in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the food US group but not the water US group 
B)  the water US group but not the food US group 
C)  both groups, but pecking movements will be slower in the water US group 
D)  both groups, but pecking movements will be slower in the food US group

Question 6

Compare the relative-waiting-time hypothesis and the comparator hypothesis.Include the similarities and differences of the theories and each theory's strengths and weaknesses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the relative-waiting-time hypothesis and the comparator...

Question 7

A red light that signals footshock causes rats to freeze if the interstimulus interval is 10 seconds,but causes the rats to jump in a fighting posture if very short interstimulus intervals are used.This conditioned behavior is best predicted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavioral systems model 
B)  the stimulus substitution model 
C)  belongingness 
D)  the compensatory response model

Question 8

Using the Rescorla-Wager model,predict  V of stimulus B during conditioning trials with compound stimulus A/B when the associative value of A at the beginning of the trial is l and the associative value of B at the beginning of the trial is 0.

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1/4 l 
C)  1/2 l 
D)  l

Question 9

What is the blocking effect? Provide two theoretical mechanisms for the blocking effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the blocking effect? Provide two...

Question 10

What is the basic assumption of rate estimation theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the basic assumption of rate...

Question 11

The comparator hypothesis predicts that the best means of extinguishing inhibitory responding is to

Accepted Answer

A)  present the CS+ with the US. 
B)  present the CS+ alone. 
C)  present the CS- alone. 
D)  present the CS+ and CS- together.

Question 12

Using the Rescorla-Wagner model,explain the development of conditioned inhibition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the Rescorla-Wagner model,explain the development of...

Question 13

Describe the basic idea of the Rescorla-Wagner model.What aspect of the model allows it to explain the blocking effect and make some unusual predictions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the basic idea of the Rescorla-Wagner...

Question 14

According to Pavlov,associative learning occurs most readily when which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The biological strength of the CS is greater than that of the US. 
B)  The biological strength of the US is greater than that of the CS. 
C)  The biological strengths of the CR and UR are about the same. 
D)  The biological strengths of the CR and UR are initially low.

Question 15

Provide two examples of belongingness in classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide two examples of belongingness in classical...

Question 16

Which model suggests that whether conditioned responding reflects excitation or inhibition depends on the excitatory value of the CS and the excitatory value of contextual cues present during training?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Rescorla-Wagner model 
B)  the comparator hypothesis 
C)  attentional models 
D)  temporal models

Question 17

Chicks presented with a lighted disk signaling warmth pecked at the disk,pushed the disk,and shook their heads in a snuggling manner.Their response to the heat was to nap.The conditioned response to the disk is best predicted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the stimulus substitution model 
B)  the compensatory response model 
C)  the behavioral systems model 
D)  the belongingness model

Question 18

Why is CS novelty important to consider in classical conditioning situations? What are the mechanisms that underlie CS-preexposure effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is CS novelty important to consider...

Question 19

Compare associative interference and memory interference mechanisms of CS and US preexposure effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare associative interference and memory interference mechanisms...

Question 20

According to Pearce and Hall,the attention paid to the CS is determined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the surprisingness of the US on the previous trial 
B)  the surprisingness of the US on the current trial 
C)  the predicted surprisingness of the US on the next trial 
D)  None of the above

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms