Question 1

In studies of learning,which stage of an experiment is usually varied?

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval 
B)  acquisition 
C)  retention 
D)  stimulus coding

Question 2

Which of the following is a general rule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Select red after exposure to red. 
B)  Select blue after exposure to yellow. 
C)  Select horizontal lines after exposure to vertical lines. 
D)  Select a stimulus that is the same as the sample.

Question 3

Animals have been found to use different coding strategies depending on the task demands.For example,at the beginning of a long series of behaviors,an animal would likely use _____,whereas near the end of the series it would likely use _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prospective memory; retrospective memory 
B)  retrospective memory; prospective memory 
C)  reference memory; introspective memory 
D)  rehearsal memory; prospective memory

Question 4

In what order are stimuli usually presented in a delayed matching to sample task?

Accepted Answer

A)  sample stimulus; delay; test stimuli; start cue 
B)  sample stimulus; test stimuli; delay; start cue 
C)  start cue; delay; sample stimulus; test stimulus 
D)  start cue; sample stimulus; delay; test stimulus

Question 5

Radial mazes are used primarily to test

Accepted Answer

A)  performance in spatial memory tasks. 
B)  performance in delayed matching to sample trials. 
C)  performance in food preference trials. 
D)  performance in locomotor preference trials.

Question 6

The available evidence suggests that rats navigate correctly in radial arm mazes by

Accepted Answer

A)  marking visited arms with urine. 
B)  relying on visual cues in the testing room. 
C)  choosing the arms in a fixed order. 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

Describe how retrospective and prospective coding can be differentiated experimentally.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how retrospective and prospective coding can...

Question 8

Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the application of stimulus-response learning to explain complex chains of behavior. 
B)  the use of voluntary or conscious reflection to direct behavior. 
C)  the use of an internal representation, or model, of some past experience as a basis for behavior. 
D)  the use of overt classically or instrumentally conditioned responses to direct behavior.

Question 9

Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What are three procedural aspects critical to determining the accuracy of performance in this task?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What...

Question 10

Reference memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  a store of items held only long enough to complete a given task. 
B)  long term retention of information necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information. 
C)  short (10-25 seconds) term retention of information used for comparisons to items in long-term memory. 
D)  defined as memory for items located in space.

Question 11

Of the following behaviors,which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  consciousness 
B)  forgetting 
C)  stimulus coding 
D)  cognitive maps

Question 12

Sign tracking is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  beacon following. 
B)  landmark navigation. 
C)  using the relations between landmarks to guide behavior. 
D)  a complex cognitive map.

Question 13

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task,an organism must select

Accepted Answer

A)  a test stimulus that is identical to the sample stimulus. 
B)  a sample stimulus that is identical to the test stimulus. 
C)  a test stimulus that is identical to the start cue. 
D)  a sample stimulus that is identical to the start cue.

Question 14

In studies of memory,which stage of an experiment is usually held constant?

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval 
B)  retention 
C)  acquisition 
D)  trace-delay

Question 15

Directed forgetting studies support all of the following conclusions except

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsal processes in animals can be brought under stimulus control. 
B)  memory processes in animals can be brought under stimulus control. 
C)  memory processes in animals involve the passive storage of information. 
D)  memory processes in humans can be brought under stimulus control.

Question 16

Learning is not possible without memory.However,studies of learning do differ from those of memory.For example,in most studies of learning,_____,but in studies of memory,_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  retention intervals vary; the retrieval phase is varied 
B)  the retrieval phase varies; the acquisition phase is varied 
C)  the acquisition phase varies; retention intervals are varied 
D)  retention intervals vary; the acquisition phase is varied

Question 17

When rats and humans were both required to perform in a radial arm-type spatial memory task,researchers determined that

Accepted Answer

A)  rats use retrospective coding strategies, and humans use prospective strategies. 
B)  rats use retrospective coding strategies, and humans are able to switch between coding strategies. 
C)  rats use prospective coding strategies, and humans are able to switch between coding strategies. 
D)  rats and humans are able to switch between retrospective and prospective coding strategies.

Question 18

When he first begins shopping,Peter is able to remember what he has in his cart without referring to his list.He is using

Accepted Answer

A)  retrospective memory. 
B)  prospective memory. 
C)  introspective memory. 
D)  rehearsal memory.

Question 19

The duration of spatial memory in rats appears

Accepted Answer

A)  to be for about as long as the rat remains in a maze. 
B)  to be about 5 to 10 minutes. 
C)  to be about 3 to 4 hours. 
D)  to last for over a day.

Question 20

CaMKII enhances synaptic efficacy by activating

Accepted Answer

A)  CaM receptors. 
B)  NMDA receptors. 
C)  AMPA receptors. 
D)  KII receptors.

Exam 11: Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms