Question 1

When, during a psychology test, you try to remember something your instructor said in class last week, you are using what researchers call

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive memory. 
B)  retrograde memory. 
C)  prospective memory. 
D)  retrospective memory.

Question 2

You attended your high school graduation over 20 years ago.You are now trying to recall as much as possible about the graduation ceremonies.Which of the following would be the BEST retrieval cue?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of students who graduated 
B)  the year the ceremony took place 
C)  the time of day the ceremony took place 
D)  the featured speaker at the ceremony

Question 3

The memory process of retrieval is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  only short-term memory. 
B)  only long-term memory. 
C)  both short-term and long-term memory. 
D)  sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.

Question 4

The basic process in memory that involves formation of a memory code is

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding. 
B)  storage. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  sensation.

Question 5

Research demonstrates that the recovered memories of sexual abuse most likely to be corroborated are those that are recovered

Accepted Answer

A)  as a result of hypnosis. 
B)  gradually over a long period of therapy. 
C)  quickly and spontaneously. 
D)  through age regression.

Question 6

In anterograde amnesia,

Accepted Answer

A)  new information impairs the retention of previously learned information. 
B)  previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information. 
C)  a person loses memories of events that occurred prior to a head injury. 
D)  a person loses memories of events that occur after a head injury.

Question 7

Which level of processing should result in the longest lasting memory codes?

Accepted Answer

A)  structural encoding 
B)  mnemonic encoding 
C)  semantic encoding 
D)  phonemic encoding

Question 8

Ruben and Maya are describing their recent trip to Brazil.They describe all the interesting things they did while they were there, and all the interesting people that they met.In describing their trip, Ruben and Maya are largely relying on their

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic memory. 
B)  procedural memory. 
C)  episodic memory. 
D)  prospective memory.

Question 9

Tyler witnessed a car accident and heard one of the bystanders casually mention that the driver was probably intoxicated.Even though the driver had not been drinking, and had never crossed the centre line, Tyler tells the police officer who is investigating the accident that the car had been "weaving all over the road".Tyler's faulty recall illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  implicit memory readjustment. 
C)  the misinformation effect. 
D)  mood-dependent memory.

Question 10

Investigators were asking employees at a construction site what they were doing last Tuesday, at 10:00.Some of the workers were having a difficult time remembering details until the foreman reminded them that the foundations for the building were poured that morning.If the workers are now able to recall details of their actions, the foreman has been able to

Accepted Answer

A)  prime the workers' conceptual hierarchies. 
B)  successfully reinstate the context. 
C)  effectively overcome proactive interference. 
D)  activate transfer-appropriate processing.

Question 11

Chunking involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the internal repetition of material a person is trying to remember. 
B)  forming connections between new information and information already in memory. 
C)  creating visual images of information to be stored in memory. 
D)  rearranging incoming information into meaningful or familiar patterns.

Question 12

Psychologists who doubt the accuracy of recovered memories of abuse maintain that

Accepted Answer

A)  the recovered memories result from the ineffective encoding of everyday events. 
B)  the recovered memories are accurate accounts of earlier events. 
C)  the recovered memories are inadvertently created in individuals after a therapist makes suggestions of childhood abuse. 
D)  individuals purposely make up stories of abuse to damage the reputation of the accused individual.

Question 13

The deepest level of processing of information in memory, emphasising the meaning of the information being processed, is

Accepted Answer

A)  the triarchic level of encoding. 
B)  the semantic level of encoding. 
C)  attentional encoding. 
D)  dyadic encoding.

Question 14

Shayla is able to retain the vocabulary she learned in her first semester Spanish class after the class has ended.The main memory process that accounts for the fact that Shayla can hold information in her memory for extended periods of time is

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding. 
B)  retrieval. 
C)  chunking. 
D)  storage.

Question 15

Research on hypnosis most clearly demonstrates that hypnosis leads subjects to report

Accepted Answer

A)  more correct information. 
B)  more incorrect information. 
C)  less confidence in their memories. 
D)  accurate past-life events.

Question 16

When individuals are instructed to divide their attention between a memory encoding task and other tasks, their performance on the encoding task generally shows

Accepted Answer

A)  a marked improvement. 
B)  a small decline. 
C)  a large decline. 
D)  no significant change.

Question 17

According to the notion of semantic networks, which pair of words should be linked most closely?

Accepted Answer

A)  car-nose 
B)  boat-goat 
C)  fill-feed 
D)  tree-bird

Question 18

Your psychology professor asks you for the name of the individual who started the behavioural approach to the study of psychology.To answer this question correctly, you need to rely on your

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic memory. 
B)  episodic memory. 
C)  procedural memory. 
D)  prospective memory.

Question 19

The reconstructive nature of memory best reflects which of the following unifying themes of your textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychology is empirical. 
B)  Psychology evolves in a sociocultural context. 
C)  Behaviour is determined by multiple causes. 
D)  People's experience of the world is highly subjective.

Question 20

____________________ memory involves remembering events from the past or previously learned information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ memory involves remembering events from the...

Exam 7: Key Processes in Memory