Which of the Following Describes the Certainty Effect

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the certainty effect?

A) People are more willing to pay to reduce their risk from 10% down to zero than they are to reduce their risk from 50% down to 40%.
B) People are more willing to pay for a warranty plan that completely covers 30% of the possible problems rather than a plan that covers all problems with 30% probability.
C) People are more willing to take a vaccine that has 100% protection for one strain of a disease and 0% protection for another strain of the disease, than a vaccine that offers 50% protection for both strains of the disease.
D) All of the above.