Question 1

Hermann Ebbinghaus found that memory is best immediately after we learn information, and we gradually forget more as time passes. What name is given to this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  serial position curve 
B)  mirage effect 
C)  free recall curve 
D)  curve of forgetting

Question 2

Recognition is the ability to match information with stored images or facts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In the 1950s, George Miller estimated the number of items that could be stored in short-term memory to be the magic number __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  five, plus or minus four 
B)  seven, plus or minus two 
C)  nine, plus or minus three 
D)  11, plus or minus one

Question 4

The term photographic memory is often used, albeit incorrectly, to refer to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  affective memory 
B)  episodic memory 
C)  reconstructed memory 
D)  eidetic imagery

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ashley, age 25, can recall only good memories of what happened when she was 4 to 5 years old. 
B)  Johnny, age 10, has no memory of a family vacation that occurred when he was 2 years old. 
C)  When faced with a horrible stressor, some people return to an earlier stage of development, such as infancy, for the comfort that it provides. 
D)  Despite the fact that Alicia, age 35, played the piano from ages 3 through 13, she has very little ability to do so now.

Question 6

Proactive interference of long-term memory means that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  new material interferes with memory of old material 
B)  new material has suppressed short-term memories 
C)  old material interferes with memory of new material 
D)  old material has eliminated memories of new material

Question 7

On a TV game show, Holly is asked to name the state capital of Arizona. This information is most likely stored in her __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural 
B)  semantic 
C)  episodic 
D)  eidetic

Question 8

Suppose Li Min looks up a number in the telephone book. After getting a busy signal, a minute or so later she tries to call again-but has already forgotten the number! This example illustrates the limited duration of __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  short-term 
C)  echoic 
D)  implicit

Question 9

General knowledge, language, and concepts are considered parts of __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic 
B)  nondeclarative 
C)  declarative 
D)  semantic

Question 10

Imagine that the first car you learned to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch, but the car you drive now is an automatic. Sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there. This example illustrates __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  retroactive interference 
B)  proactive interference 
C)  retrograde amnesia 
D)  anterograde amnesia

Question 11

Catalina finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments, such as the first three digits, then the next two, and then the final four. Each of these short segments of the number are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  codes 
B)  cues 
C)  chunks 
D)  stores

Question 12

Information selected from sensory memory is transferred to conscious awareness or __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  short-term 
C)  factual 
D)  long-term

Question 13

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  interference from other information 
B)  decay or disuse 
C)  encoding failure 
D)  disinterest

Question 14

The first step in the memory process is __________ information in a form that the memory system can use.

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding 
B)  storing 
C)  retrieving 
D)  evaluating

Question 15

The Internet, with its series of links from one site to many others, is a good analogy for the organization of __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term 
B)  episodic 
C)  long-term 
D)  procedural

Question 16

It's Thanksgiving and your whole family has gotten together. You start to reminisce about your childhood and get into an argument with your brother. Both of you claim that you were the innocent victim of the other. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  constructive processing 
B)  hindsight bias 
C)  adaptation of memory traces 
D)  flashbulb integration

Question 17

Valentina lost her keys. She searches her memory for when she had them last and goes to that place in the hope that it will help her remember where she misplaced them. Valentina is __________ activating her __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconsciously; semantic 
B)  consciously; semantic 
C)  unconsciously; episodic 
D)  consciously; episodic

Question 18

When asked to recall the date of John Kennedy's assassination, Jackson draws a blank; however, when asked whether it was October 24, 1962, November 22, 1963, or February 1, 1965, he correctly answers with the second of the choices. This example most clearly demonstrates the value of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  state-dependent memory 
B)  retrieval cues 
C)  cross links in deep structure 
D)  mnemonic devices

Question 19

Your history tutor has one last suggestion for you before she ends today's session. She tells you to study material in the middle of your list of historical events a little harder. What concept from memory research is the basis of her advice?

Accepted Answer

A)  serial position effect 
B)  state-dependent learning 
C)  transfer test 
D)  imagery

Question 20

The levels-of-processing model would suggest that which of the following questions would lead to better memory of the word frog?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Does it rhyme with blog?" 
B)  "Is it in capital letters?" 
C)  "Is it written in cursive?" 
D)  "Would it be found in a pond?"

Exam 6: Memory