Question 1

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
-Osteodystrophy

Accepted Answer

A) Keshan disease 
B) Excess selenium 
C) Tin 
D) Copper 
E) Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 2

Each is a physiologic role of copper,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is essential for formation of red blood cells and connective tissue. 
B)  Copper functions as a cofactor for an antioxidant enzyme 
C)  Copper-containing enzymes encourage production of neurotransmitters. 
D)  It is readily incorporated into tooth enamel.

Question 3

Acidic foods such as pineapple and tomato packed in uncoated tin cans contain significant amounts of tin.Most Americans consume high amounts of tin because most foods contain moderate to high level of it.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 4

Each is true of physiologic roles and reactions to selenium,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selenium functions mainly as a cofactor that protects membranes from oxidation. 
B)  It works hand in hand with vitamin E. 
C)  Deposition of large amounts during tooth formation enhance the mineralization process. 
D)  Excessive selenium prior to eruption may promote dental caries.

Question 5

Which is the best advice a dental hygienist can give a patient concerning ingestion of trace elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consumption of a variety of foods and fluids help obtain trace minerals. 
B)  Refined foods are a good source of trace minerals. 
C)  Multimineral supplements safely supply adequate amounts of trace minerals to support health. 
D)  Deficiencies of trace minerals are common and can be prevented by taking supplements.

Question 6

Keshan disease is metabolic disorder in which large amounts of copper accumulate in the liver,kidney,brain,and cornea.In parts of China,an endemic cardiomyopathy called Wilson disease is associated with severe selenium deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 7

Chromium supplements can cause serious renal impairment when taken in excess.Registered dietitians frequently recommend over-the-counter chromium supplements for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 8

Each accurately describes aspects and treatment of Alzheimer disease,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alzheimer disease is the most common type of dementia. 
B)  Known risk factors include age, family history, head trauma, and genetic disposition. 
C)  Although a specific cause has not been determined, aluminum is considered a primary causative agent. 
D)  Vitamin E supplementation is sometimes prescribed because it is an antioxidant.

Question 9

Each is considered an ultratrace element,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molybdenum 
B)  Boron 
C)  Nickel 
D)  Lithium 
E)  Vanadium

Question 10

Aluminum exposure increases prevalence of dental caries because this element decreases the uptake and retention of fluoride.Aluminum accumulation can occur when taking antacids containing aluminum hydroxide.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Exam 10: Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures

Each is a physiologic role of copper,except one.Which is the exception?

Acidic foods such as pineapple and tomato packed in uncoated tin cans contain significant amounts of tin.Most Americans consume high amounts of tin because most foods contain moderate to high level of it.

Each is true of physiologic roles and reactions to selenium,except one.Which is the exception?

Which is the best advice a dental hygienist can give a patient concerning ingestion of trace elements?

Keshan disease is metabolic disorder in which large amounts of copper accumulate in the liver,kidney,brain,and cornea.In parts of China,an endemic cardiomyopathy called Wilson disease is associated with severe selenium deficiency.

Chromium supplements can cause serious renal impairment when taken in excess.Registered dietitians frequently recommend over-the-counter chromium supplements for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management.

Each accurately describes aspects and treatment of Alzheimer disease,except one.Which is the exception?

Each is considered an ultratrace element,except one.Which is the exception?

Aluminum exposure increases prevalence of dental caries because this element decreases the uptake and retention of fluoride.Aluminum accumulation can occur when taking antacids containing aluminum hydroxide.