Question 1

Merton conceived of organized crime as:

Accepted Answer

A)   the result of sociopathic opportunism
B)   adaptive innovation by educationally and financially disadvantaged elements
C)   a normal response to pressures exerted on certain persons by the social structure
D)   all of these C

Question 2

___________ refers to a source of patterning in human conduct; it is the sum of patterns of social relationships and shared meanings by which people give order, expression, and value to common experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)   Subculture
B)   Culture
C)   Norm
D)   Social interaction B

Question 3

nvironmental factors can alter the expression of genes, thus influencing the behavior of the individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  TRUE

Question 4

lexis de Tocqueville described pathological materialism as an American preoccupation with economic success.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Ethnic succession theory posits that OC provides a "queer ladder to success" for disadvantaged groups who eventually leave OC, making way for the next wave.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

___________ suggests a strain between societal expectations for success and limited opportunity causes certain persons to innovate in the form of OC.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ suggests a strain between societal expectations...

Question 7

The fact that many contemporary American Mafia members' children have followed them into "the life" tells us that ethnic succession theory is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   100% incorrect
B)   limited in its ability to explain organized crime
C)  100% correct
D)   all of these

Question 8

o a great extent, the environment inhabited by organized crime reinforces antisocial behavior and frequently ridicules conventional, conforming behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Clinical psychology is based, to various extents, on psychoanalytic theory, a body of work fathered by:

Accepted Answer

A)   Merton
B)   Sutherland
C)   Freud
D)   Durkheim

Question 10

Which of the following is an internal restraint?

Accepted Answer

A)   superego
B)   shaming
C)   ostracism
D)   social disapproval

Question 11

Which of the following is not an external restraint?

Accepted Answer

A)   public disapproval
B)   rehabilitation
C)   shaming
D)   ostracism

Question 12

In the _______ subculture, one finds gang activity devoted to utilitarian criminal pursuits, an adaptation that begins to approximate OC.

Accepted Answer

A)   criminal/rackets
B)   conflict
C)   retreatist
D)   rebellion

Question 13

escribe the theory of ethnic succession as it is used in the context of organized crime. Describe its limitations as an explanation for organized crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of escribe the theory of ethnic succession as...

Question 14

hat is the connection between the criminal organizations of southern Italy-Mafia, Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, Sacra Corona Unita-and the American Mafia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jewish immigrants
B)   the Zips
C)   the Irish OC
D)   none of these

Question 15

ccording to learning theory, antisocial behavior is sometimes the result of learning-positive and negative reinforcement-directly from others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Inadequate familial socialization prevents some persons from:

Accepted Answer

A)   progressing in an OC family to achieve "made guy" status
B)   conforming to the conventional norms of the wider society
C)   conforming to the norms of a delinquent or criminal subculture
D)   none of these

Question 17

In the _________ subculture, one finds gang activities devoted to violence and destructive acting out as a way of gaining status.

Accepted Answer

A)   retreatist
B)   conflict
C)   criminal/rackets
D)   rebellion

Question 18

hat are Merton's five modes of adaptation? Why is innovation most important when studying organized crime?

Accepted Answer

The answer of hat are Merton's five modes of adaptation?...

Question 19

In order for an OC group to survive, it must have a/n _______________ process for inducting new members and inculcating them with the values and ways of behaving prescribed by the social system.

Accepted Answer

A)   institutionalized
B)   marginalized
C)   culturized
D)   none of these

Question 20

Persons with ________________ have a poorly developed superego-they are psychopaths or sociopaths-and are restrained only by the fear of punishment.

Accepted Answer

A)   schizophrenia
B)   depression
C)   psychosis
D)   antisocial personality disorder

Exam 4: Explaining Organized Crime

Merton conceived of organized crime as:

___________ refers to a source of patterning in human conduct; it is the sum of patterns of social relationships and shared meanings by which people give order, expression, and value to common experiences.

nvironmental factors can alter the expression of genes, thus influencing the behavior of the individual.

lexis de Tocqueville described pathological materialism as an American preoccupation with economic success.

Ethnic succession theory posits that OC provides a "queer ladder to success" for disadvantaged groups who eventually leave OC, making way for the next wave.

___________ suggests a strain between societal expectations for success and limited opportunity causes certain persons to innovate in the form of OC.

The fact that many contemporary American Mafia members' children have followed them into "the life" tells us that ethnic succession theory is ____________.

o a great extent, the environment inhabited by organized crime reinforces antisocial behavior and frequently ridicules conventional, conforming behavior.

Clinical psychology is based, to various extents, on psychoanalytic theory, a body of work fathered by:

Which of the following is an internal restraint?

Which of the following is not an external restraint?

In the _______ subculture, one finds gang activity devoted to utilitarian criminal pursuits, an adaptation that begins to approximate OC.

escribe the theory of ethnic succession as it is used in the context of organized crime. Describe its limitations as an explanation for organized crime.

hat is the connection between the criminal organizations of southern Italy-Mafia, Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, Sacra Corona Unita-and the American Mafia?

ccording to learning theory, antisocial behavior is sometimes the result of learning-positive and negative reinforcement-directly from others.

Inadequate familial socialization prevents some persons from:

In the _________ subculture, one finds gang activities devoted to violence and destructive acting out as a way of gaining status.

hat are Merton's five modes of adaptation? Why is innovation most important when studying organized crime?

In order for an OC group to survive, it must have a/n _______________ process for inducting new members and inculcating them with the values and ways of behaving prescribed by the social system.

Persons with ________________ have a poorly developed superego-they are psychopaths or sociopaths-and are restrained only by the fear of punishment.