Question 1

Describe how extinguishing one response may influence how often other responses occur.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Your therapist friend has a dilemma.She cannot be available to deliver a reinforcer every time her patients make an appropriate response, but she doesn't want the work she does with them at her office to extinguish between appointments.You suggest

Accepted Answer

A) She provide many more training trials at the office than are needed there. 
B) She provide very high value rewards at the office. 
C) She make especially certain to reward every instance of the desired behavior at the office. 
D) She only periodically reward the desired behavior at the office.

Question 3

Spontaneous recovery following extinction of a classically conditioned response

Accepted Answer

A) typically restores responding to pre-extinction levels. 
B) typically leads to incomplete recovery of responding. 
C) demonstrates that CS-US relationships are disrupted due to extinction. 
D) demonstrates that subjects unlearn only excitatory associations.

Question 4

To restore the level of performance seen during extinction,

Accepted Answer

A) test several days after the extinction trials. 
B) present cues from the extinction trials. 
C) present cues from the conditioning trials. 
D) test in a different context.

Question 5

Which of the following leaves a subject most susceptible to spontaneous recovery from extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) massed extinction trials 
B) spaced extinction trials 
C) extinction trials conducted after a delay 
D) all of the above help prevent spontaneous recovery

Question 6

Following 10 days of excitatory Pavlovian conditioning, subjects are given 15 extinction trials.Test trials of conditioned responding are then conducted.For one group, the test trials occurred immediately after extinction; for another, test trials were delayed for one week.What are the likely findings?

Accepted Answer

A) The delayed group showed less conditioned responding due to forgetting. 
B) The delayed group showed less conditioned responding due to increased frustration. 
C) The delayed group showed more conditioned responding. 
D) The groups will not differ in the amount of conditioned responding.

Question 7

What associations are learned during extinction? What evidence is there to support your answer?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Bob successfully completed an in-patient treatment program for smoking.In fact, he had not had a craving for over two weeks.However, on his way to the office he passed a group of teenagers smoking on the corner.When he smelled the smoke, he immediately went to buy a pack of cigarettes.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) the reinstatement effect 
B) the restoration of extinction effect 
C) the frustration effect 
D) the spontaneous recovery effect

Question 9

Recent evidence suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) the sequential theory better explains PREE. 
B) the frustration theory better explains PREE. 
C) both sequential and frustration mechanisms can promote responding during extinction. 
D) neither frustration theory nor sequential theory explains PREE.

Question 10

The term for the emotional reaction to withdrawal of an expected reward is

Accepted Answer

A) anger. 
B) frustration. 
C) anticipated fear. 
D) withdrawal.

Question 11

The theory that assumes that during intermittent reinforcement training, the memory of nonreward becomes a cue for performing the instrumental response is

Accepted Answer

A) the discrimination hypothesis. 
B) sequential theory. 
C) modern two-process theory. 
D) frustration theory.

Question 12

Describe the various ways in which control of behavior by contextual cues is relevant to the behavioral effects of extinction.

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Question 13

Describe evidence that identifies the development of inhibitory S-R associations in extinction.

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Question 14

Suppose Betty wants to extinguish her boyfriend's annoying habit of biting his toenails.She should conduct extinction trials

Accepted Answer

A) at home. 
B) at a therapist's office. 
C) alternating them with conditioning trials that reinforce his biting behavior. 
D) in as many contexts as possible.

Question 15

You have trained your goldfish to swim through a hoop placed in the tank by providing a dried fly every time it does so.Your little brother takes care of your fish for a week and forgets to give the fish any flies when it swims through the hoop when he puts it in the tank.If you were to test your fish for hoop swimming behavior and wanted to see the most responses, you should

Accepted Answer

A) wait a few days before putting the hoop in the tank. 
B) test the fish immediately to counteract any forgetting. 
C) test your fish immediately to counteract frustration. 
D) buy a new fish and try again.

Question 16

The theory that the partial reinforcement extinction effect is due to learning to respond when nonreward is expected is

Accepted Answer

A) the frustration theory. 
B) the sequential theory. 
C) the discrimination hypothesis. 
D) the fear-avoidance theory.

Question 17

What are the two major behavioral effects of conducting an extinction procedure? Provide an example from everyday life to illustrate these effects.

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Question 18

Compare extinction to forgetting.What procedures characterize each?

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Question 19

According to the sequential theory,

Accepted Answer

A) continuous reinforcement trains an animal to be persistent in the absence of reinforcement. 
B) partial reinforcement teaches an animal the difference between rewarded and nonrewarded trials. 
C) there is nothing about continuous reinforcement that teaches an animal to respond when it expects nonreward. 
D) memory of nonreward becomes the cue for performing the instrumental response.

Question 20

Two groups of rats are trained to press a lever for food on a constant reinforcement schedule.One group receives 1 piece of rat chow; the other, 3 pieces.In extinction,

Accepted Answer

A) the 3-piece group will persist in responding longer. 
B) the 1-piece group will persist in responding longer. 
C) as long as the constraints on the lever are the same, the groups will persist approximately the same length of time. 
D) It is impossible to predict.

Exam 9: Extinction of Conditioned Behavior