Question 1

Susan, Debra, and Sally are serving as subjects in a psychology experiment.Each will be taught to ride a bicycle. Susan will be taught by an expert instructor, Debra will be taught by a video demonstration, and Sally will be given a book on bicycles.The amount of time it takes each student to learn to ride will be recorded.This is likely a study of

Accepted Answer

A) retrieval. 
B) retention. 
C) acquisition. 
D) spatial memory.

Question 2

In a delayed matching to sample task, what event immediately precedes presentation of the test stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A) a sample stimulus presentation 
B) a start cue 
C) a delay interval 
D) a discriminative stimulus presentation

Question 3

Memory priming involves

Accepted Answer

A) presenting a retrieval cue and testing immediately. 
B) presenting a retrieval cue and testing some time later. 
C) presenting a retrieval cue during acquisition. 
D) presenting a retrieval cue that sets the occasion for the training phase.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of delayed matching to sample tasks?

Accepted Answer

A) Pigeons learn only specific stimulus-response relations; chimps can learn general rules. 
B) Trials-unique procedures increase the likelihood of stimulus-response learning in pigeons, but not in chimps. 
C) Pigeons and chimps can learn "same­as rules." 
D) Pigeons often solve delayed matching to sample tasks by orienting their bodies towards the sample stimulus; chimps use general rules.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a factor that determines performance in a delayed matching to sample task?

Accepted Answer

A) the duration of the delay 
B) the duration of the sample presentation 
C) the nature of the stimulus to be remembered 
D) None of the above; all are important determinants of performance.

Question 6

A problem identified in the interpretation of data from studies with knockout mice is

Accepted Answer

A) that the protein products can turn on and off. 
B) that the mice may not develop normally and therefore their brains may be different in a variety of ways. 
C) that doxycycline added to their food can turn off gene expression. 
D) that tTa added to their food can turn off gene expression.

Question 7

Sally has given you directions to her office.She has told you to turn right at the convenience store, left at the stop sign, and right again at the cow shaped mailbox.She is counting on your ability to navigate with

Accepted Answer

A) beacons. 
B) landmarks. 
C) geometric cues. 
D) your GPS device.

Question 8

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Accepted Answer

A) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
B) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories. 
C) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
D) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short- term store, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss.

Question 9

Which factor has been shown to influence performance in a delayed-matching-to-sample task?

Accepted Answer

A) the delay interval 
B) using a signaled large reward versus small reward 
C) switching from a signaled small to a large reward during the retention interval 
D) all of the above

Question 10

Evidence to support the retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia comes from studies in which

Accepted Answer

A) memory deficits can be overcome by reminder treatments. 
B) hypothermia causes retrograde amnesia. 
C) memory deficits occur in response to ECT. 
D) memory in the short-term store is shown to be vulnerable.

Question 11

Optogenetic studies with mice have demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A) activating cells that were involved in the formation of a memory erases that memory. 
B) activating cells that were involved in the formation of a memory enhances that memory. 
C) activating cells that were involved in the formation of a memory can induce a memory related behavior. 
D) activating cells that were involved in the formation of a memory prevents memory related behavior.

Question 12

Retrospective coding refers to memory of

Accepted Answer

A) spatial cues. 
B) events that have happened in the past. 
C) events that still must occur. 
D) visual cues in the environment.

Question 13

A Morris water maze

Accepted Answer

A) is an ecologically valid laboratory technique for studying memory in rodents. 
B) is a useful tool for studying memory in rodents, but is not ecologically valid. 
C) is an ecologically valid technique for studying foraging behavior, but not valid for memory tasks in rodents. 
D) is neither valid nor useful in studies of rodent memory.

Question 14

In studies of learning, which stage of an experiment is usually varied?

Accepted Answer

A) retrieval 
B) acquisition 
C) retention 
D) stimulus coding

Question 15

Describe the memory consolidation and retrieval failure explanations of retrograde amnesia and what evidence can be used to support one or the other hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the memory consolidation and retrieval failure...

Question 16

NR2B is typically found

Accepted Answer

A) as a subunit of NMDA that interferes with LTP in adulthood. 
B) as a subunit of NMDA that interferes with LTP in juveniles. 
C) as a subunit of NMDA that promotes LTP in adulthood. 
D) as a subunit of NMDA that promotes LTP in juveniles.

Question 17

A trials-unique procedure results in an organism learning

Accepted Answer

A) an S-R relationship. 
B) a general rule. 
C) an R-O relationship. 
D) an S(R-O) relationship.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the "internal representations" discussed in the study of animal cognition?

Accepted Answer

A) Like gravity, they are a theoretical construct. 
B) They are investigated in some laboratories by "looking" into the central nervous system. 
C) They are investigated in some laboratories by "looking" into the peripheral nervous system. 
D) They reflect conscious reflection on a past experience.

Question 19

Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What are three procedural aspects critical to determining the accuracy of performance in this task?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What...

Question 20

To increase the likelihood that your subjects will make correct responses in a delayed matching to sample task, you should

Accepted Answer

A) present the sample for a brief period, followed by a short delay. 
B) present the sample for a long period followed by a long delay. 
C) present the sample for a long period followed by a short delay. 
D) present the sample for a brief period followed by a long delay.

Exam 11: Comparative Cognition I