Question 1

How does the example of Taqwacore punk that McDowell describes illustrate the socially constructed nature of race?

Accepted Answer

The example of Taqwacore punk that McDowell describes illustrates the socially constructed nature of race in several ways. First, the Taqwacore punk movement itself challenges traditional notions of race and identity by bringing together individuals from diverse racial and cultural backgrounds who share a common interest in punk music and a commitment to their Muslim faith. This challenges the idea that race is a fixed and inherent characteristic, and instead highlights how it is shaped by social and cultural factors.

Additionally, the way in which Taqwacore punks are perceived and treated by society further demonstrates the socially constructed nature of race. McDowell describes how Taqwacore punks often face discrimination and prejudice based on their appearance and religious beliefs, despite the fact that they may come from a variety of racial backgrounds. This highlights how race is not simply a matter of physical appearance, but is also influenced by societal attitudes and power dynamics.

Overall, the example of Taqwacore punk illustrates how race is a complex and fluid concept that is shaped by social, cultural, and historical factors, rather than being a fixed and inherent characteristic. It challenges traditional notions of race and identity, and highlights the need to critically examine and deconstruct the ways in which race is constructed and perpetuated in society.

Question 2

Associating oneself with negative group representations because there are no alternative images to identify with is_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   transference
B)   disassociation
C)   self-stereotyping
D)   double consciousness C

Question 3

Compare Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith's findings with those of Hurtado and Sinha (Chapter 19: "More than Men: Latino Feminist Masculinities and Intersectionality"). How are the controlling images of gangs and sports related to hegemonic masculinity?

Accepted Answer

Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith's findings focus on the intersectionality of Latino feminist masculinities, highlighting the ways in which Latino men navigate their identities within the context of race, gender, and sexuality. They argue that traditional notions of masculinity are often limiting and oppressive, and that Latino men must navigate these expectations while also challenging them in order to create more inclusive and empowering forms of masculinity.

Hurtado and Sinha, on the other hand, also explore the intersectionality of masculinity, but specifically within the context of controlling images of gangs and sports. They argue that these controlling images are related to hegemonic masculinity in that they reinforce traditional notions of masculinity that are often based on dominance, aggression, and physical prowess. These images perpetuate the idea that men must be tough, aggressive, and in control in order to be considered "real men," and they often exclude and marginalize those who do not fit these narrow definitions.

In both cases, the controlling images of gangs and sports are related to hegemonic masculinity in that they reinforce and perpetuate traditional notions of masculinity that are based on dominance, aggression, and physical strength. These images create a narrow and limiting definition of what it means to be a man, and they often exclude and marginalize those who do not fit these narrow definitions. By exploring the intersectionality of masculinity and challenging these controlling images, scholars like Vasquez-Tokos, Norton-Smith, Hurtado, and Sinha are working to create more inclusive and empowering forms of masculinity that allow men to express themselves in ways that are not limited by traditional gender norms.

Question 4

What makes millennial Black activism different from the civil rights activism of the 1950s and 1960s? What is the politics of respectability, and why do contemporary Black feminists reject it?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

According to Eisenhaur, "supermarket redlining" is_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   corporations avoiding low-profit areas
B)   constantly increasing the physical size of their stores
C)   building multiple stores in close proximity to each other
D)   constantly changing the items they sell

Question 6

Historically, have the movements for race and disability been allied with each other? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Terriquez's study of undocumented immigrant youth shows how they ______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   exercise agency in collectively shaping their own social and political incorporation
B)   exclude queer-identified peers from the immigrant rights movement
C)   enable dominant narratives that erase queer identities
D)   embed racist attitudes into their activist work

Question 8

Terriquez describes the fact that queer youth involved in the DREAM movement were more likely to openly claim an LGBTQ identity. She calls this a(n) _____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   arrow effect
B)   boomerang effect
C)   catapult effect
D)   domino effect

Question 9

According to Brown and Jones, political scientists and media stories have typically regarded Blacks and Latinos as_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   strong political actors
B)   interested in assimilation
C)   adversaries in competition for resources
D)   sharing a common interest in resisting white supremacy

Question 10

Brown and Jones's analysis of MIRA demonstrates that_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the Mississippi legislature has been corrupted by the casino gaming industry
B)   individuals have agency to influence public policies through collective efforts
C)   Black civil rights activists are not interested in battles over immigration issues
D)   white supremacy is well-rooted in Mississippi's history and cannot be overcome

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a problem Leavitt et al., identify with the representation of Native Americans in media?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most media depictions of Native Americans are historical representations.
B)   Media portrayals homogenize Native Americans with "standard" depictions and render invisible hundreds of diverse tribal cultures.
C)   Contemporary portrayals show Native Americans in negative stereotypes of poverty and addiction.
D)   Young Native Americans are relying too heavily on media for sources of self-identity, when they need to be learning about their tribal heritage.

Question 12

Terriquez reports that data from her interviews with queer undocumented youth provide evidence that_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   immigrant family and community environments are supportive of the public disclosure of an LGBTQ identity
B)   LGBTQ youth who were "out" were disproportionately likely to get involved in the immigrant rights movement
C)   queer-identified youth are less likely to be civically engaged than their straight-identified peers
D)   involvement in immigrant rights activism resulted in queer-identified youth growing more comfortable with publicly disclosing their LGBTQ identity

Question 13

Compare this article with "Immigrant Rights are Civil Rights" by Hana Brown and Jennifer A. Jones (Chapter 49). What do these examples reveal about the importance of coalition building among activist groups representing marginalized and oppressed groups?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

What reasons are given as to why White neighborhoods have so many more supermarkets when compared to largely minority inhabited areas?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a reason that Leavitt et al. say that the quantity and quality of media representations of one's own identity group are important?

Accepted Answer

A)   Seeing themselves on TV makes people happy.
B)   Media representation provides a reference point for self-understanding.
C)   Media representation helps people develop strategies for how to be a person.
D)   Homogenous representations deny group members a variety of atypical identities.

Question 16

Is the Growing Food and Justice for All Initiative racialized? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

An example of a networked counterpublic would be_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Black Twitter
B)   Facebook
C)   Fox News
D)   National Public Radio

Question 18

What does it mean to say that controlling images act as "strategies of action" that bridge systemic racism, prejudice, and discrimination? What are some ways that controlling images do this work?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

In what ways does the virtual world of the Internet reproduce the power relations of the physical world? How does Black cyberfeminist theory use Internet technologies to challenge these power relations?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Why is positive group identification important for self-esteem and belonging? Why does a lack of representation interfere with the psychological benefits of group identity?

Accepted Answer

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Exam 4: Intersectionality and Social Change