Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) L aughing at a classmate when he asks a "dumb question" in class 
B) Nagging a child until she picks up her toys 
C) T aking away a child's TV privileges for 1 week for a bad report card 
D) M aking a child sit in the corner for 10 minutes for back-talk

Question 2

Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year, she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, but as soon as she stepped onto the raft, she was instantly terrified again. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as ​

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) second-order conditioning. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 3

In a Skinner box, the cumulative recorder ​

Accepted Answer

A) permits the experimenter to control the reinforcement contingencies. 
B) provides a complete record of everything the animal does. 
C) delivers the reinforcers. 
D) creates a graphic record of operant responding as a function of time.

Question 4

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called ​

Accepted Answer

A) modeling. 
B) shaping. 
C) discrimination. 
D) learning.

Question 5

After owning a car with a manual transmission, Don buys a car with an automatic transmission. When first driving his new car, he keeps reaching for the nonexistent clutch and gearshift. This is an example of ​

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) shaping.

Question 6

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like. Based on principles of observational learning, whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like in the future, the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Yell at his mother 
B) Y ell at his sister 
C) G o and tell his father what the mother said 
D) Y ell at his father

Question 7

The key dependent variable measured in operant conditioning studies is the

Accepted Answer

A) strength of the CR. 
B) strength of the UR. 
C) organism's reinforcement rate. 
D) organism's response rate.

Question 8

Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain; Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by _____ reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by _____ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) negative; positive 
B) positive; negative 
C) positive; positive 
D) negative; negative

Question 9

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the ​

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) unconditioned reinforcer. 
D) conditioned reinforcer.

Question 10

A schedule of reinforcement is ​

Accepted Answer

A) the reinforcement of closer and closer approximation of a desired response. 
B) a specific pattern of presentation of reinforcers over time. 
C) a pattern of resistance to extinction. 
D) a description of whether positive or negative reinforcement is in use.

Question 11

The principles of learning and conditioning have

Accepted Answer

A) turned out to have little relevance to real-world concerns. 
B) been widely applied in education, business, and industry. 
C) attracted little interest outside of psychology. 
D) proven more useful when applied to animals as opposed to humans.

Question 12

Which of the following goals is specified in an appropriate format for designing a self-modification program?

Accepted Answer

A) I ncreasing your motivation 
B) D ecreasing your irritability 
C) I ncreasing your happiness 
D) D ecreasing the amount of time spent watching television

Question 13

Learning theorists argue that learning takes place through conditioning. Describe the two types of conditioning discussed in your text.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Learning theorists argue that learning takes place...

Question 14

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, stimulus generalization was shown when Albert showed the fear response to ​

Accepted Answer

A) the rabbit. 
B) the rat. 
C) the loud noise. 
D) his mother.

Question 15

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically ​

Accepted Answer

A) is weaker than the previously conditioned response. 
B) is stronger than the previously conditioned response. 
C) occurs before the conditioned stimulus. 
D) changes to an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 16

Given the same overall frequency of reinforcement on a fixed and a variable schedule of reinforcement, you should predict that the variable reinforcement schedule will tend to produce ​

Accepted Answer

A) more breaks in responding and lower resistance to extinction. ​ 
B) steadier response rates but lower resistance to extinction. 
C) more breaks in responding but greater resistance to extinction. 
D) steadier response rates and greater resistance to extinction.

Question 17

Sally developed a nasty stomach bug a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi, she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sally developed a nasty stomach bug a...

Question 18

In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given ​

Accepted Answer

A) after a fixed number of nonreinforced responses. 
B) after a variable number of nonreinforced responses. 
C) for the first response that occurs after a fixed amount of time has elapsed. 
D) for the first response that occurs after a variable amount of time has elapsed.

Question 19

Research suggests that parents who spank their children usually administer spanking

Accepted Answer

A) as a last resort after other punishments have failed. 
B) for trivial offenses. 
C) for serious rule violations. 
D) in public places.

Question 20

When an organism responds to a specific conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as ​

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) extinction. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

In a Skinner box, the cumulative recorder

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called

After owning a car with a manual transmission, Don buys a car with an automatic transmission. When first driving his new car, he keeps reaching for the nonexistent clutch and gearshift. This is an example of

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like. Based on principles of observational learning, whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like in the future, the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

The key dependent variable measured in operant conditioning studies is the

Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain; Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by _ reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by _ reinforcement.

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the

A schedule of reinforcement is

The principles of learning and conditioning have

Which of the following goals is specified in an appropriate format for designing a self-modification program?

Learning theorists argue that learning takes place through conditioning. Describe the two types of conditioning discussed in your text.

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, stimulus generalization was shown when Albert showed the fear response to

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically

Given the same overall frequency of reinforcement on a fixed and a variable schedule of reinforcement, you should predict that the variable reinforcement schedule will tend to produce

Sally developed a nasty stomach bug a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi, she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) _____.

In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given

Research suggests that parents who spank their children usually administer spanking

When an organism responds to a specific conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as

Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

In a Skinner box, the cumulative recorder ​

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called ​

After owning a car with a manual transmission, Don buys a car with an automatic transmission. When first driving his new car, he keeps reaching for the nonexistent clutch and gearshift. This is an example of ​

The key dependent variable measured in operant conditioning studies is the

Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain; Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by _____ reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by _____ reinforcement.

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the ​

A schedule of reinforcement is ​

The principles of learning and conditioning have

Which of the following goals is specified in an appropriate format for designing a self-modification program?

Learning theorists argue that learning takes place through conditioning. Describe the two types of conditioning discussed in your text.

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, stimulus generalization was shown when Albert showed the fear response to ​

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically ​

Given the same overall frequency of reinforcement on a fixed and a variable schedule of reinforcement, you should predict that the variable reinforcement schedule will tend to produce ​

Sally developed a nasty stomach bug a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi, she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) _____.

In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given ​

Research suggests that parents who spank their children usually administer spanking

When an organism responds to a specific conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as ​

In a Skinner box, the cumulative recorder

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called

After owning a car with a manual transmission, Don buys a car with an automatic transmission. When first driving his new car, he keeps reaching for the nonexistent clutch and gearshift. This is an example of

Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain; Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by _ reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by _ reinforcement.

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the

A schedule of reinforcement is

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, stimulus generalization was shown when Albert showed the fear response to

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically

Given the same overall frequency of reinforcement on a fixed and a variable schedule of reinforcement, you should predict that the variable reinforcement schedule will tend to produce

In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given

When an organism responds to a specific conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as