Does Having Goals Actually Help People Achieve Things? Does It

Multiple Choice

Does having goals actually help people achieve things? Does it matter if the goals are broad (e.g., "getting a good education") rather than narrow (e.g., "getting a good grade on a specific assignment") ?

A) In general, people who have goals do not perform any better than people who don't-regardless of whether the goals are broad or narrow.
B) In general, people who have goals perform better than people who don't-regardless of whether the goals are broad or narrow.
C) In general, people who have goals perform better than people who don't-especially if the goals are broad.
D) In general, people who have goals perform better than people who don't-especially if the goals are narrow.