Question 1

Conger and Killeen (1974) found that, during a social interaction with two confederates, the proportion of time that the subject looked toward one of the confederates _____ the proportion of verbal approvals received from that confederate.

Accepted Answer

A)   approximately equaled
B)   was significantly less than
C)   was significantly more than
D)   was unrelated to A

Question 2

One problem with the tendency to meliorate is that

Accepted Answer

A)   too much of something can result in habituation.
B)   too much of something can result in sensitization.
C)   it does not provide the desired reinforcements.
D)   it focuses only on delayed consequences but not on immediate ones. A

Question 3

The availability of other sources of reinforcement can serve to:

Accepted Answer

A)   increase impulsiveness.
B)   increase self-control.
C)   increase inhibition.
D)   result in dishabituation. B

Question 4

The matching law predicts that on a concurrent VI 15-sec VI 60-sec schedule, 80% of responses should be emitted on the VI 15-sec schedule and 20% on the VI 60-sec schedule. In reality, 65% of responses are emitted on the VI 15-sec schedule and 35% on the VI 60-sec schedule. This is an example of _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The matching law predicts that on a...

Question 5

Tactics that Skinner used to facilitate his writing included:

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus control.
B)   carefully monitoring the amount of time that he worked each day.
C)   plenty of relaxation.
D)   All of these are correct.

Question 6

A possible reason why self-reinforcement is sometimes effective is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   it can increase the salience of our successes.
B)   It can decrease the salience of our successes.
C)   it can produce a positive contrast effect.
D)   it can reduce a negative contrast effect.

Question 7

The general relationship between reward value and decreasing delay is that the function for reward value looks somewhat similar to the typical response pattern on a(n) _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   FR
B)   FI
C)   VR
D)   VI

Question 8

In _____, the proportion of responses on the richer versus poorer schedules is _____ different than would be predicted by matching.

Accepted Answer

A)   overmatching; more
B)   undermatching; less
C)   overmatching; less
D)   Both a and b are correct.

Question 9

To add extra incentive to exercise, Heather publicly announces to her friends that, starting this Monday, she is going to start running each morning. From Skinner's perspective, running is the _____ response, while the announcement is the _____ response.

Accepted Answer

A)   controlling; controlled
B)   controlled; controlling
C)   direct; indirect
D)   indirect; direct

Question 10

According to the matching law, in an experiment where a pigeon has to press colored keys to receive food, the percentage of responses emitted on the green key should have been 65% when it was associated with the richer schedule and 15% when it was associated with the poorer schedule. The respective percentages were instead 55% and 10%. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   matching.
B)   COD.
C)   optimization.
D)   bias.

Question 11

Repeated exposure to rewards presented at gradually increasing delays has been shown to:

Accepted Answer

A)   increase impulsiveness.
B)   decrease delay of gratification.
C)   increase self-control.
D)   Both a and c are correct.

Question 12

Define the matching law. State the matching law as an equation and define each of its terms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the matching law. State the matching...

Question 13

Which of the following will most likely be the result of no COD on a concurrent VI 60-sec VI 20-sec schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)   No responses emitted on the VI 60-sec schedule
B)   50% of responses emitted on the VI 60-sec schedule
C)   90% of responses emitted on the VI 20-sec schedule
D)   100% of responses emitted on the VI 60-sec schedule

Question 14

Robynne spends a lot of time hanging around the marketing department, an area that she finds quite interesting, and little time at her desk working. This distribution of behavior is consistent with the notion(s) of

Accepted Answer

A)   matching.
B)   melioration.
C)   COD.
D)   Both a and b are correct.

Question 15

I am most likely to gorge on cookies before dinner when I am in a _____ environment.

Accepted Answer

A)   low reinforcement
B)   high reinforcement
C)   variable reinforcement
D)   moderate reinforcement

Question 16

Skinner viewed self-control as involving two types of responses, a _____ response and a(n) _____ response.

Accepted Answer

A)   contingent; noncontingent
B)   continuous; intermittent
C)   controlled; controlling
D)   contingent; controlled

Question 17

Natalia decides to reinforce exercising with one hour of television after each exercise session. The major problem with this tactic is that

Accepted Answer

A)   she may refuse to exercise, yet still watch television.
B)   she may begin to exercise too stringently.
C)   the reinforcer will undermine her intrinsic interest in exercise.
D)   she could end up not wanting to watch any television.

Question 18

If Samantha obtains 70% of her sales from client A and 30% from client B, the matching law predicts that she will choose to spend _____ of her time with client A.

Accepted Answer

A)   more than 70%
B)   70%
C)   less than 70%
D)   30%

Question 19

According to the matching law, a pigeon will emit _________ times as many responses on a VI 10-sec schedule as it will on a VI 60-sec schedule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the matching law, a pigeon...

Question 20

Matching would be indicated by an average of _____ responses per minute on a VI 10-sec alternative and _____ responses per minute on a VI 60-sec alternative.

Accepted Answer

A)   20; 120
B)   120; 20
C)   20; 140
D)   140; 20

Exam 10: Choice Matching and Self Control