Question 1

A woman who sticks to her belief that her husband is not abusive and discounts evidence of his abusive behavior may be demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A) functional fixedness. 
B) mental set. 
C) representativeness heuristic. 
D) availability heuristic. 
E) confirmation bias.

Question 2

Mental set is a

Accepted Answer

A) type of means-end heuristic. 
B) tendency to rely on problem-solving strategies that worked in the past. 
C) type of subgoal setting. 
D) form of the backwards-thinking heuristic. 
E) rule of thumb in problem solving.

Question 3

In Sternberg's model of intelligence, creative intelligence includes

Accepted Answer

A) applying and using. 
B) using and doing. 
C) analyzing and evaluating. 
D) evaluating and doing. 
E) inventing and designing.

Question 4

Compare and contrast Gardner's and Sternberg's theories of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast Gardner's and Sternberg's theories...

Question 5

Which group is predicted to have the most highly correlated IQ scores?

Accepted Answer

A) Monozygotic twins reared together 
B) Dizygotic twins reared together 
C) Monozygotic twins reared apart 
D) Dizygotic twins reared apart 
E) Siblings

Question 6

Dr. Gregor's research focuses on decision-making and problem solving. Gregor is probably a(n)______ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) environmental 
B) social 
C) physiological 
D) cognitive 
E) health

Question 7

Regarding general trends in IQ scores in the United States, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) IQ scores have been rising steadily, at about 15 points per decade, for several generations. 
B) IQ scores have been falling steadily, at about 3 points per decade, for several generations. 
C) IQ scores have been rising steadily, at about 3 points per decade, for several generations. 
D) IQ scores have remained about the same over the past several decades. 
E) IQ scores have been falling steadily, at about 15 points per decade, for several generations.

Question 8

What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?

Accepted Answer

A) phonemes 
B) morphemes 
C) graphemes 
D) syllables 
E) letters of the alphabet

Question 9

Regarding the effects of nature and nurture in intelligence, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Heritability estimates of intelligence range from 50 to 75 percent. 
B) Home environments emphasizing verbal interaction and reading can influence children's intellectual development. 
C) Twin and adoptee studies provide strong evidence for the influence of genetics on intelligence. 
D) Genetic and environmental factors interact in complex ways in shaping intelligence. 
E) Heredity influences intelligence in infancy and childhood, but not during adolescence and adulthood.

Question 10

Beginning the use of one-word phrases is typical for which age group?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 months 
B) 6 months 
C) 12 months 
D) 15 months 
E) 18 months

Question 11

Dr. Fabiano wishes to assess the reliability of an intelligence test he recently developed. Fabiano chooses the test-retest method of assessing reliability. What will Dr. Fabiano have to do?

Accepted Answer

A) Compare subjects' scores on the tests to their performance in academic arenas. 
B) Give one version of the test to a group of subjects and then re-administer a parallel version of the test to the same subjects. 
C) Make certain that he follows uniform procedures in administering the test to different subjects. 
D) Give the test once to a group of subjects and then re-administer the test to a different group of subjects after a short time interval. 
E) Give the test to a group of subjects and then re-administer it to the same subjects after a short time interval.

Question 12

Divergent thinking is

Accepted Answer

A) conceiving of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects. 
B) maintaining an initial hypothesis despite contradictory evidence. 
C) relying on previous successful strategies to solve a new problem. 
D) making decisions based on how easily information comes to mind. 
E) narrowing down a range of alternatives to converge on the one correct answer to a problem.

Question 13

In IQ testing, what is predictive validity?

Accepted Answer

A) the degree to which test scores accurately forecast future behavior or performance 
B) the degree to which test scores measure what they purport to measure 
C) the consistency of test scores over time 
D) the consistency of test scores across different forms of the test 
E) the comparison of an individual's scores with those of the general population

Question 14

Paul is trying to research a problem online. He has found a wealth of relevant information. He is examining the information he has collected with a critical attitude, trying to ensure that the information he has collected is valid. Paul is engaged in which aspect of creative problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) avoiding mental sets 
B) gathering information 
C) adopting a questioning attitude 
D) testing possible solutions 
E) sleeping on it

Question 15

All but which of the following underlie creative thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) divergent thinking 
B) conceptual expansion 
C) conceptual combinations 
D) use of algorithms 
E) use of analogy

Question 16

In its original conception, intelligence quotient was defined as

Accepted Answer

A) mental age multiplied by chronological age and multiplied by 100. 
B) mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100. 
C) mental age subtracted from chronological age and multiplied by 100. 
D) chronological age subtracted from mental age and multiplied by 100. 
E) mental age divided by chronological age and divided by 100.

Question 17

School psychologist Miguel Blackstone sometimes is called upon to administer the Alternate Uses Test. Which of the following is Blackstone measuring?

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence 
B) convergent thinking 
C) multiple intelligence 
D) language skills 
E) divergent thinking

Question 18

Letty has a very complex problem to solve. She decides to break the problem down into smaller, more manageable problems. Which strategy best describes what Letty is doing?

Accepted Answer

A) insight heuristic 
B) backward-working heuristic 
C) creating subgoals 
D) means-end heuristic 
E) functional fixedness

Question 19

Arnold tries to find the single correct solution to his problem. Which mental process is Arnold using?

Accepted Answer

A) divergent thinking 
B) mental set 
C) conceptual combinations 
D) convergent thinking 
E) metaphor

Question 20

In the normal distribution of IQ scores, approximately what percentage of scores falls between 85 and 115?

Accepted Answer

A) 95% 
B) 2% 
C) 34% 
D) 68% 
E) 14%

Exam 7: Thinking Language and Intelligence