Question 1

Six-year-old Jean hits another child and steals the child's lunch money. A psychologist who takes a psychodynamic approach would suggest that Jean ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) learned that hitting someone would result in a reward 
B) has an unconscious drive for aggression, causing her to act out 
C) asserted herself, an example of bettering herself as a person 
D) hit the child for food, an adaptive mechanism to survive

Question 2

Randy is a great football player who would rather be named the most valuable player of the league than have his team win a particular football game. Randy is likely from a(n)____ culture.​

Accepted Answer

A) collectivist 
B) altruistic 
C) collaborative 
D) individualist

Question 3

Vicki is working as an educational psychologist. Whatwill Vicki focus on most in her job?​

Accepted Answer

A) determining how interior design affects student productivity 
B) studying the effectiveness of new learning techniques 
C) investigating how personality traits predict behavior 
D) diagnosing students with learning disabilities

Question 4

A guest at a party says that the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches to psychology are quite similar. You disagree and say the behavioral approach stresses ____ while the psychodynamic model emphasizes ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) covert behavior; mental processes 
B) overt behavior; unconscious conflicts 
C) learning; introspection 
D) conscious experience; personality

Question 5

An industrial and organizational psychologist doing cross-cultural work finds that in Australia, the workers have the highest job satisfaction when they are rewarded for accomplishing more and better-quality work than their co-workers. Australia probably has a(n)____ culture.​

Accepted Answer

A) individualist 
B) communist 
C) collectivist 
D) democratic

Question 6

Hank the hummingbird has been isolated since birth. When he is released into the company of an attractive female hummingbird, he almost immediately begins the courtship ritual. Hank's behavior shows that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) you can'tdistinguish animal behavior from human behavior 
B) fixed action patterns have a strong learned component 
C) you can't keep a good hummingbird down 
D) species-specific behaviors are unlearned, inherited patterns

Question 7

​Italian Americans living in New York could be said to represent a ____ within the ____ United States.

Accepted Answer

A) subculture; collectivist 
B) cross-culture; individualist 
C) subculture; multicultural 
D) individualist culture; collectivist

Question 8

If you were to study consciousness by having your friends use introspection and report the results to you, your research method would be most similar to that used by ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) structuralists 
B) functionalists 
C) psychoanalysts 
D) cognitive psychologists

Question 9

Mark is trying to teach his dog to sit at his command. To do this, he rewards the dog with a biscuit only if the dog obeys when Mark says "Sit!" Mark is following the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral 
B) psychodynamic 
C) cognitive 
D) eclectic

Question 10

Dr. Bashir meets with clients who are dealing with a range of psychological disorders. He discusses strategies for changing behaviors and thoughts and assists his clients in the process of overcoming their problems. Dr. Bashir most likely works in the ____ subfield of psychology.​

Accepted Answer

A) experimental 
B) cognitive 
C) personality 
D) counseling

Question 11

In attempting to explain behavior, B. F. Skinner focused on ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) internal motivational variables 
B) self-image 
C) childhood experiences 
D) environmental stimuli

Question 12

Erick is a psychologist who depends on methods and strategies from more than one discipline of psychology. In other words, Erick takes a(n)____ approach to the study of psychology.​

Accepted Answer

A) empirical 
B) evolutionary 
C) environmental 
D) eclectic

Question 13

Tom reads an article in the newspaper reporting new research on the link between genes and hostility. He realizes that the researchers were most likely to have adopted the ____ approach in their research.​

Accepted Answer

A) biological 
B) psychodynamic 
C) cognitive 
D) behavioral

Question 14

Maggie is a graduate student in human factors. She is working with a local grocery store to improve their customer service while reducing costs to the consumers. Most likely, Maggie will ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) administer personality tests to all of the employees 
B) complete a job analysis for each job position to eliminate redundancies 
C) find ways to make shopping aisles more colorful and cheery for customers 
D) help design a self-checkout system that is intuitive and logical

Question 15

You are asked to be on a panel of experts investigating the nature of consciousness. While the other experts are content to rely on speculation regarding consciousness, you demand that the evidence be based on experience and observation. Your approach is known as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) functionalism 
B) empiricism 
C) reductionism 
D) rationalism

Question 16

A psychologist with a humanistic approach would state that behavior is driven by ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) choices 
B) instincts 
C) genetics 
D) rewards

Question 17

To understand why a problem child behaves as she does, Dr. Saldeen maps out the details of how rewards and punishments shape, maintain, and change the child's behavior. Dr. Saldeen is performing a(n)_____ of behavior.​

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis 
B) sociobiological analysis 
C) adaptive analysis 
D) functionalanalysis

Question 18

Adzure and Anton are identical twins, each born with a special ability. Adzure is able to dispense two aspirin from the bottle without any difficulty. Anton is able to find mates-easily and often. According to natural selection, if all other attributes are equal, who is more likely to survive, and why?​

Accepted Answer

A) Adzure; his ability is an example of a positive fixed action pattern. 
B) Anton; his ability will increase his opportunities to pass on his genes. 
C) Adzure; his ability will decrease his chances of falling ill. 
D) Neither will be more or less likely to survive.

Question 19

A commercial tells Mary to "Be all that you can be!" This statement most closely mirrors the philosophy of the ____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic 
B) psychodynamic 
C) behavioral 
D) cognitive

Question 20

For her dissertation, Anupama would like to study the effects of culture on driving behavior. She would like to conduct the study in the United States and in India. However, she is advised to be careful with her study because both countries are comprised of many different subcultures. In other words, both of these countries are ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) multicultural 
B) randomly sampled cultures 
C) individualistic cultures 
D) collectivistic cultures

Exam 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

Six-year-old Jean hits another child and steals the child's lunch money. A psychologist who takes a psychodynamic approach would suggest that Jean ____.

Randy is a great football player who would rather be named the most valuable player of the league than have his team win a particular football game. Randy is likely from a(n) ____ culture.

Vicki is working as an educational psychologist. Whatwill Vicki focus on most in her job?

A guest at a party says that the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches to psychology are quite similar. You disagree and say the behavioral approach stresses while the psychodynamic model emphasizes .

An industrial and organizational psychologist doing cross-cultural work finds that in Australia, the workers have the highest job satisfaction when they are rewarded for accomplishing more and better-quality work than their co-workers. Australia probably has a(n) ____ culture.

Hank the hummingbird has been isolated since birth. When he is released into the company of an attractive female hummingbird, he almost immediately begins the courtship ritual. Hank's behavior shows that ____.

Italian Americans living in New York could be said to represent a within the United States.

If you were to study consciousness by having your friends use introspection and report the results to you, your research method would be most similar to that used by ____.

Mark is trying to teach his dog to sit at his command. To do this, he rewards the dog with a biscuit only if the dog obeys when Mark says "Sit!" Mark is following the ____ approach to psychology.

Dr. Bashir meets with clients who are dealing with a range of psychological disorders. He discusses strategies for changing behaviors and thoughts and assists his clients in the process of overcoming their problems. Dr. Bashir most likely works in the ____ subfield of psychology.

In attempting to explain behavior, B. F. Skinner focused on ____.

Erick is a psychologist who depends on methods and strategies from more than one discipline of psychology. In other words, Erick takes a(n) ____ approach to the study of psychology.

Tom reads an article in the newspaper reporting new research on the link between genes and hostility. He realizes that the researchers were most likely to have adopted the ____ approach in their research.

Maggie is a graduate student in human factors. She is working with a local grocery store to improve their customer service while reducing costs to the consumers. Most likely, Maggie will ____.

You are asked to be on a panel of experts investigating the nature of consciousness. While the other experts are content to rely on speculation regarding consciousness, you demand that the evidence be based on experience and observation. Your approach is known as ____.

A psychologist with a humanistic approach would state that behavior is driven by ____.

To understand why a problem child behaves as she does, Dr. Saldeen maps out the details of how rewards and punishments shape, maintain, and change the child's behavior. Dr. Saldeen is performing a(n) _____ of behavior.

A commercial tells Mary to "Be all that you can be!" This statement most closely mirrors the philosophy of the ____ approach.