Question 1

The most fruitful approach to using multicultural criteria is to rely on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  neither cultural universality nor cultural relativism 
B)  the cultural relativism approach 
C)  the cultural universality approach 
D)  some combination of cultural relativism and cultural universality

Question 2

Imagine that half the clerical employees in one building of a school begin to have headaches, feel agitated, scratch themselves furiously, feel numbness in their fingers, and faint. There is no biological explanation. This incident would most likely be seen by psychologists as an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mass madness 
B)  exorcism 
C)  hypnotic susceptibility 
D)  mesmerism

Question 3

Imagine that you could use a time machine to travel back to the thirteenth century. You see groups of people in a village jumping, dancing, and having convulsions in the town square. All over Europe, you find similar groups of raving people. You would have witnessed the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenomenon called trephining 
B)  mass madness called St. Vitus's Dance 
C)  phenomenon called lycanthropy 
D)  mass madness called mesmerism

Question 4

The concept of ____ assumes that certain mental disorders exist across cultures; ____ suggests that mental disorders may manifest differently and certain disorders may only be found in some cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural universality; cultural relativism 
B)  cultural relativism; cultural universality 
C)  cultural relativism; cultural constellation 
D)  cultural diversity; cultural universality

Question 5

Humanism is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific study of behavior 
B)  philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and individual uniqueness 
C)  biological theory of abnormal behavior first used by the ancient Greeks 
D)  name the Catholic Church gave to the practice of identifying and executing individuals they believed were witches

Question 6

In treating the mentally disturbed, moral therapists were likely to make use of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  antipsychotic medications 
B)  controls such as chains, starvation, restraints, and hot baths 
C)  mesmerism 
D)  prayer, work, kindness, and talking out problems

Question 7

Imagine that you are in Paris in 1775. People tell you their physical and mental health is remarkably improved when they experience a strange sleeplike trance. Later, you hear that the man who performed these remarkable cures was investigated and forced to leave Paris. What forerunner of hypnosis were the people of Paris discussing?

Accepted Answer

A)  catharsis 
B)  mesmerism 
C)  exorcism 
D)  trephining

Question 8

According to Kraepelin, mental disorders can be seen in terms of symptom clusters that have their own cause, course, and outcome, which are considered ____ in origin.

Accepted Answer

A)  sociocultural 
B)  biological 
C)  psychological 
D)  culturally universal

Question 9

Eli refuses to let his daughter marry Avi because Avi's brother suffers from depression. Eli believes that his daughter could be killed by Avi's brother. Eli believes which myth about mental illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mental disorders are transmitted by touch. 
B)  We can easily identify people with mental disorders. 
C)  People with mental disorders cannot be cured. 
D)  People with mental disorders are dangerous.

Question 10

Frenchman Philippe Pinel and American Benjamin Rush were both concerned with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of private "madhouses" because they were highly profitable 
B)  the moral treatment of patients in hospitals 
C)  helping patients gain easy access to medications 
D)  instituting the use of shamans in the modern treatment of mentally disturbed individuals in an attempt to be culturally sensitive

Question 11

A psychologist states that "Juan's abnormal behavior is likely due to a combination of biology and inadequate interpersonal skills." The psychologist is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  predicting the future symptoms of Juan 
B)  giving Juan a psychodiagnosis 
C)  offering an explanation for Juan's problem 
D)  describing how to control Juan's symptoms

Question 12

Dr. Juarez discovers that certain symptoms of behavior reliably occur in clusters. Her discovery would be seen as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  evidence of a syndrome 
B)  support for a psychological viewpoint 
C)  an illustration of epidemiology 
D)  support for a biological viewpoint

Question 13

According to Merikangas et al. (2010), what percent of adults suffer from serious psychological disorders such as schizophrennia in a given year?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 percent 
B)  8 percent 
C)  25 percent 
D)  32 percent

Question 14

Trephining refers to the process of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  putting leaches on the body to remove bad blood 
B)  making a person chant and pray to drive out evil spirits 
C)  changing one's diet to improve one's physical and mental health 
D)  boring a hole in the skull to let demons escape

Question 15

College administrators suspended Lee Loughner after they became concerned about Loughner's potential to commit dangerous behaviors. Why didn't authorities arrest him?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loughner's therapist did not feel he posed a danger to others. 
B)  None of the local mental health facilities had space to house him. 
C)  Loughner did not make any overt threats against anyone. 
D)  Loughner's behavior was not considered odd in comparison to his peer group.

Question 16

Chart the major ideas and historical figures in the history of treating the mentally ill, from the era of witchcraft in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries through the rise of the Reform Movement in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chart the major ideas and historical figures...

Question 17

Dr. Kohn is a psychoanalyst, Dr. Edwards is a humanistic therapist, Dr. Peterson is a cognitive behavioral therapist, and Dr. James is a Gestalt therapist. Each of them would likely have a different ____ for a client's abnormality.

Accepted Answer

A)  time of onset 
B)  explanation 
C)  diagnosis 
D)  prognosis

Question 18

Dr. Johns researches mental disorders using laboratory methods. He stresses the importance of directly observable behaviors and the conditions or stimuli that evoke, reinforce, or extinguish them. Dr. Johns adheres to which early viewpoint of mental illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanism 
B)  behaviorism 
C)  psychoanalysis 
D)  mesmerism

Question 19

Suree is studying to be a clinical psychologist from an accredited program. She will learn that, with respect to bias in diagnosing clients, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  even the most enlightened and well-intended mental health professionals may engage in race, gender, and social class bias 
B)  psychologists are less likely than other mental health professionals to overpathologize clients on the basis of race, gender, or social class 
C)  clinical psychologists receive better training than other mental health professionals for recognizing their tendency to hold prejudicial attitudes toward clients 
D)  mental health professionals are more likely to hold prejudicial attitudes and biases against males than against females

Question 20

Which statement would be consistent with the ideas of Emil Kraepelin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whenever behavior prevents people from performing the tasks they are expected to perform, it is a sign of abnormality. 
B)  Abnormality is a deviation from ideal personality traits such as competence, self-actualization, and creativity. 
C)  Every culture has its own unique set of symptoms and disorders. 
D)  Symptoms of mental health disorders tend to occur in clusters.

Exam 1: Abnormal Behavior