Question 1

In his original experiments, Pavlov paired a bell tone with the presentation of food. After a while, the bell tone alone could provoke salivation. By the time this happened, the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bell had become a conditioned stimulus 
B)  food had become a conditioned stimulus 
C)  animal had lost interest in the food 
D)  salivation had become an unconditioned response

Question 2

Imagine that a client from a non-European family comes to a psychological clinic for help. How would therapists endorsing a family systems approach see the person's problems differently than a multicultural psychologist? How might they see them similarly?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that a client from a non-European...

Question 3

Alicia and Isaac are planning to get married. Before they begin to make plans, they want to ensure that they can deal effectively with conflicts that might arise from being raised in very different cultures. Among the potential problems they might encounter are their respective roles in the relationship and how to communicate their feelings to each other. They would most likely seek out a therapist who specializes in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  family therapy 
B)  behavioral therapy 
C)  couples therapy 
D)  group therapy

Question 4

According to operant conditioning, self-injurious behavior may be learned through the use of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  personalization 
C)  implosion 
D)  modeling

Question 5

Dr. Weinberg is a humanistically-oriented psychotherapist. Which comment about cognitive therapy is she most likely to make?

Accepted Answer

A)  "People have the ability to make free choices and they are responsible for their own decisions." 
B)  "Therapists who use the ABC-theory are too passive; they should be more like teachers than listeners." 
C)  "Cognitive therapists put too much emphasis on childhood experiences and not enough on choices one makes in life." 
D)  "Thoughts are not observable, so they have no place in science."

Question 6

A psychologist who supports the multicultural model would most likely say that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  some cultures value family identity more than individuality 
B)  Western cultures value "belongingness" over individualism 
C)  European American therapists place too little importance on the problems within the person 
D)  almost all non-Western cultures value individuality over collectivity

Question 7

If a loud siren is sounded, any newborn infant will automatically scream. In classical conditioning terminology, the siren is a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response 
B)  unconditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  conditioned stimulus

Question 8

Dr. Young says, "My client faced such severe traumas in her first five years of life that she blocked the memories from conscious recall. The result is that although she is 29 years old, and cannot remember her childhood." Dr. Young is describing the psychodynamic concept of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation 
B)  transference 
C)  resistance 
D)  repression

Question 9

Dr. White says, "Psychopathology is learned through a person's interactions with his or her environment." Dr. White's statement reflects which psychological model?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  psychodynamic 
C)  cognitive 
D)  biological

Question 10

Unlike traditional psychoanalysts, post-Freudians tend to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  deemphasize sexual motivation as the cause of behavior 
B)  view all behavior as originating predominantly from conscious thought 
C)  deemphasize the importance of personal choice and future goals 
D)  feel that talking in therapy is a waste of time

Question 11

Thuy is faced with a dilemma. She lives in a war-torn country in which for years, the economy has been severely disrupted. In order to feed herself and her children, she steals food, but she feels a great sense of guilt when she does. According to Freud, the personality structure involved in stealing food is the ____, whereas the one involved in the associated guilt is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  id; ego 
B)  ego; superego 
C)  superego; id 
D)  conscience; ego ideal

Question 12

Cognitive-behavioral theorists emphasize that disturbed individuals ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  come from disturbed families 
B)  live in stressful environments 
C)  have irrational and maladaptive thoughts 
D)  are deficient in interpersonal skills

Question 13

Molly inherits a predisposition toward the development of depression, but does not develop depression until after her divorce. What model accounts for this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive-behavioral 
B)  multicultural 
C)  family system 
D)  diathesis-stress

Question 14

Which model of psychopathology considers unconscious influences to be the motivation for behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  existential 
B)  psychodynamic 
C)  cognitive 
D)  humanistic

Question 15

Patty knows that if she cries, she will get her way. Paul knows that if he cries. he will be ignored. Which model of behavior suggests that Patty will increase her crying and Paul will decrease his crying?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  psychodynamic theory 
D)  observational learning

Question 16

Dr. Al-Suwaidi explains his clients' psychological problems by considering biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural explanations. He is using what the text refers to as the ____ model.

Accepted Answer

A)  multipath 
B)  biopsychosocial 
C)  multicultural 
D)  integrative

Question 17

One strength of the behavioral model is that it ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizes the impact of environment on behavior 
B)  is applied to explain intrapsychic conflict 
C)  is not restricted by adherence to scientific methodology 
D)  highlights the subjective life of the individual

Question 18

The humanistic and existential approaches have been most successful at ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  explaining the relationship between inheritance and stress 
B)  creating a coherent theory of behavior 
C)  describing the human condition 
D)  developing a scientific body of evidence for its concepts

Question 19

A mother says to her daughter, "I value you regardless of your behavior. I may disapprove of what you do, but I will still respect and love you." According to Rogers, this mother is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the incongruence between the child's self-concept and the child's behavior 
B)  expressing conditions of worth toward her daughter 
C)  providing unconditional positive regard 
D)  teaching the girl irrational beliefs

Question 20

The function of neural dendrites is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  release neurotransmitters 
B)  receive signals from other neurons 
C)  bind to receptors of other neurons 
D)  trigger synaptic excitation of other neurons

Exam 2: Understanding and Treating Mental Disorders