Question 1

Which anticipatory human emotion produces bodily reactions that prepare us for fight or flight in the face of danger?

Accepted Answer

A)  fear 
B)  anger 
C)  anxiety 
D)  hatred

Question 2

Biological research with patients who have OCD indicates that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the primary area of the brain that is affected is the limbic system 
B)  different people show different responses to treatment 
C)  almost complete relief from symptoms is gained with medication alone 
D)  genetic factors play little, if any, role in this disorder

Question 3

Judy is in therapy for her compulsive hand washing. Her therapist conjures up several images of filthy clothes and digging in dirt. Judy gets the feeling of being "contaminated" but is not allowed to resort to the usual ritual of hand washing. This therapy is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  desensitization and relapse prevention 
B)  exposure with response prevention 
C)  systematic desensitization 
D)  cognitive restructuring

Question 4

Before Hannah can leave the house, she must turn all four gas burners on her stove on and off 24 times, each in sequence. She performs this ritual because she does not trust her memory and fears she can't be sure the burners are actually off without doing this. Hannah is demonstrating which cognitive characteristic of OCD?

Accepted Answer

A)  probability bias 
B)  disconfirmatory bias 
C)  morality bias 
D)  confirmatory bias

Question 5

According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, panic attacks are due to a feedback loop involving ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bodily sensations and thoughts 
B)  id impulses and ego defenses 
C)  neurotransmitters and receptors 
D)  the amygdala and the hippocampus

Question 6

Professor Lutz is conducting twin studies of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). He is most likely to find ____ for GAD.

Accepted Answer

A)  a strong genetic influence 
B)  some genetic influence 
C)  a complete genetic profile 
D)  no genetic markers

Question 7

What do neuroimaging techniques show when comparing the effects of medication on anxiety with the effects of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Medication appears to normalize anxiety circuits in the brain, whereas psychotherapy has little if any effect. 
B)  Psychotherapy appears to normalize anxiety circuits in the brain, and medication has little if any effect. 
C)  Psychotherapies produce neurobiological changes similar to those seen with medications. 
D)  Neither medications nor psychotherapies appear to have much effect on anxiety circuits in the brain.

Question 8

In medical settings worldwide, what is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized anxiety disorder 
B)  phobia 
C)  agoraphobia 
D)  panic disorder

Question 9

Cheryl spends four hours every day in the shower, scrubbing her skin raw with a loofa brush for fear that she is contaminated with urine or feces. She sees a cognitive-behavioral therapist for treatment. The cognitive-behavioral therapist is most likely to write which note about Cheryl's case?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Guarding against own unacceptable urges; uses reaction formation as a general defense." 
B)  "Engages in superstitious behavior; probably associating hand washing with some previous situation where it led to reinforcement." 
C)  "Neurotransmitters not functioning properly; needs medication." 
D)  "Need to correct dysfunctional beliefs in order to reduce anxiety over cleanliness."

Question 10

Between ages 13 to 15, the most common phobia is fear of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  closed spaces 
B)  spiders 
C)  snakes 
D)  speaking in class

Question 11

Dr. Mahoney is a cognitive-behavioral therapist. When treating a client with panic disorder, she is most likely to focus on the client's ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  thoughts before and during fearful episodes 
B)  family history of panic disorder 
C)  response to sodium lactate 
D)  early childhood experiences with sexuality

Question 12

Ahmad has a specific phobia about elevators. His therapist teaches him how to relax and then has him relax when he is in a building with elevators. Next, he practices being relaxed when pushing an elevator button and finally, when taking an elevator ride. What kind of therapy is Ahmad experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic desensitization 
B)  modeling 
C)  cognitive graduated exposure 
D)  flooding

Question 13

Which disorder is most common in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  posttraumatic stress disorder 
B)  phobias 
C)  generalized anxiety disorder 
D)  obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 14

Collette is in a crowded room and starts to feel as if she cannot breathe. Her heart rate is increasing, and she thinks she is going to have a heart attack. This has happened before when she is in similar situations. Collette is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a psychotic break 
B)  depression 
C)  a panic attack 
D)  arachnophobia

Question 15

Liselle is in treatment for BDD. What will her therapist work on?

Accepted Answer

A)    encouragement of mirror checking 
B)  prescribing antipsychotic medication 
C)    cognitive restructuring of negative thoughts 
D)  working on self-esteem based on attractiveness

Question 16

For days after visiting Disneyland, the words and tune for "It's a Small World" keep invading Jessica's thoughts. She cannot get them out of her head. Jessica's experience is similar to the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  obsessions seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder 
B)  fear seen in generalized anxiety disorder 
C)  compulsions seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D)  avoidance seen in social phobias

Question 17

What is a major drawback when using benzodiazepines to treat phobias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Symptoms often recur when the patient stops taking the medication. 
B)  Drugs don't work for a large percentage of patients with anxiety disorders. 
C)  Medications cannot be individualized for each patient. 
D)  Most medications are too expensive to be taken on a regular basis.

Question 18

Tiffany is typical of many children who suffer from phobias. Karen is typical of adults with phobias. How aware would each of them be that their fears are excessive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both would realize that their fears are excessive. 
B)  Neither would realize that their fears are excessive. 
C)  Tiffany, but not Karen, would realize that they are excessive. 
D)  Karen, but not Tiffany, would realize that they are excessive.

Question 19

Phobic disorders are frequently grouped into three different categories. List these three categories (categories, not individual phobias such as "fear of heights"), and provide a description of the characteristics associated with each. Discuss briefly behavioral theories that explain how phobic disorders may be acquired.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phobic disorders are frequently grouped into three...

Question 20

Cognitive-behaviorists propose obsessive-compulsives repeat behaviors in order to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce anxiety 
B)  eliminate threats systemically 
C)  get in touch with their inner self 
D)  understand the world

Exam 5: Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders