Question 1

During the Cultural Revolution the Communist Party held sessions where neighbors were mandated to report on and criticize each other. These sessions were a form of

Accepted Answer

A) secondary deviance. 
B) the prison-industrial complex. 
C) surveillance. 
D) censorship.

Question 2

People that violate _________ experience reactions that include of frowns or remarks of disapproval.

Accepted Answer

A) folkways 
B) mores 
C) sanctions 
D) norms

Question 3

Explain the meaning of illegitimate opportunity structures. Describe at least two situations in your life in which you have opportunities to commit crimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the meaning of illegitimate opportunity structures....

Question 4

Kai Erikson wrote, "The critical variable in the study of deviance, then, is the social audience rather than the individual actor since the social audience decides whether or not a behavior is deviant." This statement best corresponds with which theory of deviance?

Accepted Answer

A) labeling theory 
B) differential association 
C) structural strain theory 
D) constructionist

Question 5

In China, posts to website's that ___________ are subject to censorship.

Accepted Answer

A) criticize the government leadership 
B) suggest people are organizing 
C) are personal in nature 
D) make fun of others

Question 6

When constructionists study the process by which a group or behavior is defined as a problem to society, they focus on

Accepted Answer

A) the valued goals and the means to achieve those goals. 
B) the rule breaker, rule maker, and rule enforcers. 
C) responses to structural strain. 
D) who makes the claims, whose claims are heard, and how audiences respond.

Question 7

Which one of the following is an assumption underlying labeling theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Definitions of deviance are consistent across cultural settings. 
B) Rules are enforced uniformly and consistently. 
C) Deviants are those whose behavior someone has noticed, labeled as such, and to which sanctions have been applied. 
D) Deviant behavior is learned in the same way conforming behavior is learned.

Question 8

The ACLU wrote that, "our every move, our every transaction, our every communication is recorded, compiled and stored away, ready to be used against us." The ACLU was referring to

Accepted Answer

A) witch hunts. 
B) the prison industrial complex. 
C) surveillance. 
D) censorship.

Question 9

"Crimes committed by persons of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupations" are called

Accepted Answer

A) corporate crime. 
B) white-collar crime. 
C) deviance. 
D) the falsely accused.

Question 10

___________________ is a method employed to prevent information from reaching some audience.

Accepted Answer

A) Censorship 
B) Surveillance 
C) A negative sanction 
D) A positive sanction

Question 11

Deviance and conformity are complex topics because

Accepted Answer

A) the list of deviant behaviors far outweighs conforming behaviors. 
B) the list of conforming behaviors far outweighs deviant behaviors. 
C) almost every behavior has qualified as deviant or conforming at one time. 
D) conformity is the norm.

Question 12

__________________ is any behavior or appearance that follows and maintains the standards of a group.

Accepted Answer

A) Deviance 
B) Conformity 
C) Social control 
D) Power

Question 13

Durkheim's theory of deviance (crime)corresponds to a __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) functionalist 
B) conflict 
C) symbolic interactionist 
D) social action

Question 14

A campaign to identify, investigate, and correct behavior that is believed to undermine a group or a country is known as

Accepted Answer

A) a moral event. 
B) ethnic cleansing. 
C) a witch hunt. 
D) target practice.

Question 15

"Claims makers play important roles in defining deviance and responses to it." This statement is most closely associated with which theory of deviance?

Accepted Answer

A) Functionalist perspective (as represented by Emile Durkheim) 
B) Labeling theory 
C) Constructionist approach 
D) Structural strain

Question 16

A U.S. Bureau of Justice survey of crime victims documented that almost 58 percent of crime victims do not report the crime to police. This suggests that there are large numbers of __________ in U.S. society.

Accepted Answer

A) conformists 
B) pure deviants 
C) secret deviants 
D) falsely accused

Question 17

Ridicule, imprisonment, and withdrawal of affection are examples of _______ sanctions.

Accepted Answer

A) informal 
B) positive 
C) negative 
D) formal

Question 18

__________ are people that have not violated rules of a group and are treated accordingly.

Accepted Answer

A) Conformists 
B) Secret deviants 
C) The falsely accused 
D) Pure deviants

Exam 7: Deviance, Conformity, and Social Control: With Emphasis on Mass Surveillance