Question 1

Karl Marx argued that ________ "chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe."

Accepted Answer

A) change 
B) globalization-from-below 
C) globalization-from-above 
D) the drive for profit

Question 2

During the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, European and American whalers killed tens of thousands of whales in Arctic waters for commercial purposes, with little effective resistance from environmental or animal rights groups. Today, whaling is a highly monitored activity subject to quotas. This change in reaction to whaling suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) behavior considered deviant at one time and place may not be considered deviant at another. 
B) people have consistent ideas about what is considered deviant. 
C) something is deviant only if it is considered deviant across time and place. 
D) Native people who still whale should be punished.

Question 3

The tipping point is

Accepted Answer

A) sudden at first and then people adjust. 
B) a process by which people ignore change. 
C) the point at which previously rare events snowball into commonplace ones. 
D) something that cannot be observed.

Question 4

During World War II hundreds of thousands of soldiers were injured by machine gun shrapnel. The need to restore lost blood resulting from these injuries motivated doctors to create a system of collecting and preserving blood plasma. This dynamic supports the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) power resides in the position of physician. 
B) conflict can lead to change. 
C) paradigm shifts help people to see the world in new ways. 
D) the actions of leaders influence who is in charge of a situation.

Question 5

For many people, the idea that animals, rocks and plants should be treated with respect is a new idea. In this sense it is a

Accepted Answer

A) improving innovation. 
B) social movement. 
C) paradigm shift. 
D) regression.

Question 6

___________ involves producing goods that are disposable after a single use, have a shorter life cycle than the industry is capable of producing, or go out of style quickly even though the goods can still serve their purpose.

Accepted Answer

A) Mechanization 
B) Rationalization 
C) Planned obsolescence 
D) A tipping point

Question 7

Ralf Dahrendorf wrote "It is immeasurably difficult to trace the path on which a person…encounters other people just like himself, and at a certain point says 'Let us join hands, friends, so that no-one will push us off one by one.'" Dahrendorf was writing about

Accepted Answer

A) globalization-from-above. 
B) social movements. 
C) globalization-from-below. 
D) the Chernobyl meltdown.

Question 8

The Petition Project seeks to challenge other social movements that demand reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. This desire to maintain an existing social order suggests that the Petition Project is a ____________________ movement.

Accepted Answer

A) regressive 
B) reformist 
C) revolutionary 
D) counter-revolutionary

Question 9

To stay in "fashion" many people buy a new car even though their old car is still in excellent-to-good condition. Similarly, people tend to buy new clothes before they wear out the clothes they already have. Such actions speak to

Accepted Answer

A) mechanization. 
B) rationalization. 
C) planned obsolescence. 
D) a tipping point.

Question 10

Pharmacies, banks, and car washes have adopted "drive-thru" services to facilitate their goal of moving customers from one state of being to another quickly. This strategy speaks to which one of the following McDonaldization principles?

Accepted Answer

A) efficiency 
B) quantification/calculation 
C) predictability 
D) control

Question 11

_______________ is a fossil fuel-driven phenomenon because the energy to manufacture, deliver, operate, and eventually haul away appliances and other products after they become obsolete comes from burning fossil fuels.

Accepted Answer

A) Rationalization 
B) Mechanization 
C) Industrialization 
D) Planned obsolescence

Question 12

_________________ is any significant alteration, modification, or transformation in the organization and operation of social life.

Accepted Answer

A) Globalization 
B) Scientific revolution 
C) Social change 
D) Global interdependence

Question 13

Each "upgrade" of the 1903 Wright Flyer (the first successful airplane)increased the airplane's capacity to fly farther, higher, faster, and with more passengers. Upgrades are equivalent to

Accepted Answer

A) an invention. 
B) a basic innovation. 
C) an improving innovation. 
D) a paradigm shift.

Question 14

Refrigerators, ovens, washers, and dryers built since 2000 are expected to last 8-12 years, while those built in the 1970s and 1980s lasted 20 years or more. This shift in product life is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) mechanization. 
B) rationalization. 
C) planned obsolescence. 
D) a tipping point.

Question 15

"We invent the automobile to get us between two points faster, and suddenly we find we have to build new roads. And that means we have to invent traffic regulations... and then we have to invent a whole new organization called the highway patrol." This assessment supports the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) necessity is the mother of invention. 
B) if a new invention is to come into being, the cultural base must be large enough to support it. 
C) invention is the mother of necessity. 
D) if people have the power to create material innovations they also have the power to destroy them.

Question 16

The transformative process whereby people move away from sparsely populated rural environments to densely populated urban ones is known as

Accepted Answer

A) industrialization. 
B) urban sprawl. 
C) urban renewal. 
D) urbanization.

Question 17

Leslie White maintains that __________ is tied to the size of the cultural base.

Accepted Answer

A) the rate of cultural diffusion 
B) scientific progress 
C) the rate of change 
D) a population's openness to new ideas

Question 18

Imagine you are doing a presentation on Greenland about how changing climate is effecting the people who live there. What five changes to Greenland would you emphasize?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine you are doing a presentation on...

Question 19

The government of Greenland joined with four large corporations to create an export promotion strategy and an international branding strategy for the country. Sociologists classify such corporations as _________ organizations.

Accepted Answer

A) formal 
B) voluntary 
C) emerging 
D) informal

Question 20

Leslie White maintains that if an invention is to come into being, the inventor must

Accepted Answer

A) be a genius. 
B) invent something that people view as a necessity. 
C) have the ability to market the product. 
D) be born at the right place and time.

Exam 16: Social Change: With Emphasis on Changing Environment