Question 1

In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office,participants "remembered" some things,like books,that weren't actually there.This experiment illustrates the effect ofon memory.

Accepted Answer

A) schemas 
B) scripts 
C) confabulation 
D) bias

Question 2

Schrauf and Rubin's "two groups of immigrants" study found that the reminiscence bump coincided with periods of rapid change,occurring at a normal age for people emigrating early in life but shifting to 15 years later for those who emigrated later.These results support the

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive hypothesis. 
B) self-image hypothesis. 
C) narrative rehearsal hypothesis. 
D) autobiographical hypothesis.

Question 3

Your text's discussion of false memories leads to the conclusion that false memories

Accepted Answer

A) arise from the same constructive processes that produce true memories. 
B) occur for details but not for entire events. 
C) occur in laboratory settings but do not occur in real-world circumstances. 
D) do not occur for all people but rather are experienced by suggestible or inattentive people.

Question 4

The repeated reproduction technique used in memory studies involves

Accepted Answer

A) the same participants remembering some information at longer and longer intervals after learning the information. 
B) different groups of participants remembering some information across different periods of time after learning the information. 
C) the same participants remembering some information for as many trials as it takes to recall all of the information correctly. 
D) the same participants recalling some information many times but,each time,receiving different retrieval cues to assist their recall.

Question 5

Describe experimental evidence to explain how familiarity can lead to memory errors.Also,describe an eyewitness testimony example of this phenomenon.Finally,explain how familiarity can lead students to commit errors on a multiple choice exam.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe experimental evidence to explain how familiarity...

Question 6

Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others is known as

Accepted Answer

A) narrative rehearsal. 
B) cryptomnesia. 
C) repeated reproduction. 
D) repeated recall.

Question 7

In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment,participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on

Accepted Answer

A) narrative rehearsal. 
B) source misattributions. 
C) cultural expectations. 
D) shallow processing.

Question 8

"S," who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless,was able to achieve many feats of memory.According to the discussion in your text,S's memory system operated

Accepted Answer

A) in a manner that bypassed normal neurological "blocks." 
B) less efficiently than normal. 
C) using more visual encoding than normal. 
D) using stronger semantic connections than normal.

Question 9

In the word list experiment that was based on work by Deese (1959)and Roediger & McDermott (1995),many students incorrectly remembered hearing the wordas part of the list of presented stimuli.This highlights a disadvantage of memory's constructive nature.

Accepted Answer

A) blanket 
B) sleep 
C) tired 
D) drowsy

Question 10

Jacoby's experiment,in which participants made judgments about whether they had previously seen the names of famous and non-famous people,found that inaccurate memories based on source misattributions occurred after a delay of

Accepted Answer

A) one week. 
B) 24 hours. 
C) one hour. 
D) one month.

Question 11

The misinformation effect can be explained by

Accepted Answer

A) proactive interference. 
B) retroactive interference. 
C) schematic biases. 
D) repeated familiarity effects.

Question 12

For most adults over age 40,the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for

Accepted Answer

A) childhood and adolescence. 
B) adolescence and young adulthood. 
C) young adulthood and middle age. 
D) childhood and middle age.

Question 13

The experiment in which participants first read sentences about a baseball game and were then asked to identify sentences they had seen before,illustrated that memory

Accepted Answer

A) is better for vivid descriptions. 
B) is like a tape recording. 
C) depends on the participant's mood. 
D) involves making inferences.

Question 14

The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented

Accepted Answer

A) before the event. 
B) during the event. 
C) after the event. 
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect?

Accepted Answer

A) The misinformation effect does not occur when people are told explicitly that the post-event information may be incorrect 
B) Even when participants are told that the post-event information is incorrect,the misinformation effect can still occur. 
C) Misinformation effects are significantly reduced when post-event information is provided,but only if that information is given within just a few minutes of the initial event. 
D) The provision of accurate post-event information provided a paradoxical (and as of yet unexplained)increase in the misinformation effect

Question 16

Lindsay and coworkers "slime in the first-grade teacher's desk" experiment showed that presenting

Accepted Answer

A) accounts of actual childhood events supplied by a participant's parent increased the likelihood of false memories. 
B) accounts of actual childhood events supplied by a participant's parent decreased the likelihood of false memories. 
C) a photograph of the participant's first-grade class increased the likelihood of false memories. 
D) a photograph of the participant's first-grade class decreased the likelihood of false memories.

Question 17

Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos

Accepted Answer

A) the person has seen before. 
B) of familiar places. 
C) they took themselves. 
D) the person has never seen before.

Question 18

Wei has allergy symptoms.He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist,but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor.Instead,he was advised to buy an over-the-counter medicine.While he was in the specialist's waiting area,he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess.A week later,in a drug store,Wei says to his brother,"My doctor says SneezeLess works great.I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess.Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?

Accepted Answer

A) MPI 
B) Recovered memory 
C) Schema confusion 
D) Source monitoring

Question 19

The "telephone game" is often played by children.One child creates a story and whispers it to a second child,who does the same to a third child,and so on.When the last child recites the story to the group,his or her reproduction of the story is generally shorter than the original and contains many omissions and inaccuracies.This game shows how memory is aprocess.

Accepted Answer

A) life-narrative 
B) narrative-rehearsal 
C) consequentiality based 
D) constructive

Question 20

Your text's discussion of eyewitness testimony illustrates that this type of memory is frequently influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) failing to elaboratively rehearse these kinds of events due to fear. 
B) inattention to relevant information due to the emotional nature of these events. 
C) source-monitoring errors due to familiarity. 
D) increased confidence due to postevent questioning.

Exam 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors