Question 1

Validity that is related to the logical relationships between variables is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  criterion-related validity 
B)  face validity 
C)  convergent validity 
D)  construct validity

Question 2

Discuss the threat to validity. Cover the following threats: face, content, criterion-related, and construct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the threat to validity. Cover the...

Question 3

A questionnaire contained the item "social class" with responses of lower class, lower middle class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class. The researcher asks respondents to check the one that describes them. The researcher is using this question to measure

Accepted Answer

A)  direct observables 
B)  indirect observables 
C)  constructs 
D)  nominal variables

Question 4

Content validity refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a comparison of measures to some external criterion 
B)  an empirical measure that may or may not agree with our common understanding of a particular concept 
C)  the degree to which a measure covers the range of meanings included within the concepts 
D)  the basis of logical relationships among variables

Question 5

Reliability does not ensure  __________ any more than precision ensures it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reliability does not ensure  __________ any more...

Question 6

Most of the social scientific variables that meet the minimum requirements for interval measures also meet the requirements for

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal measures 
B)  interval measures 
C)  ratio measures 
D)  ordinal measures

Question 7

Measurement is difficult and __________, therefore researchers try to describe the measurement process explicitly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Measurement is difficult and __________, therefore researchers...

Question 8

The primary difference between the interval and the ratio level of variables is that

Accepted Answer

A)  interval is rarely used 
B)  with ratio there is an absolute meaning of zero 
C)  with interval there is an absolute meaning of zero 
D)  none of the above

Question 9

It is always a good idea to make more than one measurement of any subtle or complex social concept, which is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  test-retest method 
B)  inter-rater reliability 
C)  split-half method 
D)  face validity

Question 10

The production report generated at the city police department contains the number of arrests made by each officer on a monthly basis. What level of measurement would number of arrests be?

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 11

In 2001, the UCR reported __________ larcenies; the NCVS estimated __________ larcenies.

Accepted Answer

A)  7 million; 8 million 
B)  7 million; 7 million 
C)  7 million; 14 million 
D)  7 million; 2 million

Question 12

The key standards for measurement quality are

Accepted Answer

A)  mutual exclusivity and exhaustibility 
B)  reliability and validity 
C)  pattern and repetition 
D)  duplicity and veracity

Question 13

Which of the following sequences illustrates the progression of measurement steps?

Accepted Answer

A)  conceptual definition, conceptualization, operational definition, and real-world measurement 
B)  operational definition, conceptualization, conceptual definition, and real-world measurement 
C)  operational definition, conceptual definition, conceptualization, and real-world measurement 
D)  conceptualization, conceptual definition, operational definition, and real-world measurement

Question 14

Age of an offender is an example of which level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  interval 
B)  nominal 
C)  ratio 
D)  ordinal

Question 15

What two qualities should every variable possess?

Accepted Answer

A)  meaning and value 
B)  exhaustive and thorough 
C)  exhaustive and mutually exclusive 
D)  operational definition and meaning

Question 16

__________  validity refers to particular empirical measures that may or may not accurately reflect the common agreements on concepts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________  validity refers to particular empirical measures...

Question 17

Which of the following is representative of the dimension "victim harm"?

Accepted Answer

A)  economic gain 
B)  gender of victim 
C)  physical injury 
D)  location of injury

Question 18

Ordinal measures are variables whose attributes may be logically rank-ordered.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Composite measures are frequently used in criminal justice research for all of the following reasons except.

Accepted Answer

A)  In some cases, the researcher is unable to develop single indicators of complex concepts. 
B)  The researcher may desire to use a rather refined ordinal measure of a variable, arranging cases in several ordinal categories from very low to very high on a variable. 
C)  Indexes and scales are efficient devices for data analysis. 
D)  The researcher is seeking a method for measuring disorder and composite measures are the only allowable measure.

Question 20

If a researcher is concerned with combining variables to result in a different composite measure, the researcher is using what technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  typology 
B)  validity 
C)  operationalization 
D)  reliability

Exam 5: Concepts Operationalization and Measurement