Question 1

While Gabe was growing up, his father would get angry and yell and throw objects at the wall. As an adult now, Gabe also yells and throws objects when he gets angry. Gabe learned these behaviors through

Accepted Answer

A)  associative learning. 
B)  respondent conditioning. 
C)  instrumental learning. 
D)  modeling.

Question 2

A strategy for breaking bad habits that involves trying to get the same reinforcement using a new response is known as the strategy of cues and antecedents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Feedback is most effective when it is frequent, immediate, and

Accepted Answer

A)  positive. 
B)  negative. 
C)  detailed. 
D)  anonymous.

Question 4

Which psychologist developed a conditioning apparatus for animals and provided various practical applications of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  B.F. Skinner 
B)  Ivan Pavlov 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Carl Rogers

Question 5

The direct activation of "pleasure centers" in the brain through intracranial self-stimulation would be considered a(n) __________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The direct activation of "pleasure centers" in...

Question 6

Negative reinforcement occurs when a response

Accepted Answer

A)  leads to a desirable consequence. 
B)  leads to the removal of an unpleasant event. 
C)  leads to an undesirable consequence. 
D)  is ignored.

Question 7

Which type of reinforcers gain their ability to promote learning because they are associated with primary reinforcers or can be exchanged for primary reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary reinforcers 
B)  stimulus reinforcers 
C)  higher-order reinforcers 
D)  negative reinforcers

Question 8

An internal representation of relationships that acts as a guide is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive map. 
B)  cognitive antecedent. 
C)  eidetic image. 
D)  non-operant response.

Question 9

Elaine wants to get to her classes, work, and church on time, so she keeps a tally sheet in her car with two columns labeled "On time" and "Late," and she puts a mark in each column to count the number of times she is on time and the number of times she is late. Elaine is keeping track of the frequency of her responses through __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elaine wants to get to her classes,...

Question 10

Continuous reinforcement is more resistant to extinction than partial reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

After he is spanked, Terrence feels angry, frustrated, and hostile, and goes immediately outside and picks a fight with his younger brother. What is most likely to occur in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Picking a fight with his brother will be an isolated event in the future, although he will still misbehave and receive spankings. 
B)  Because Terrence releases some of his anger on his younger brother, his aggression will be rewarded by being the stronger one and this behavior will tend to occur again in other frustrating situations. 
C)  Because Terrence releases his anger on his younger brother, he will be less likely to be aggressive toward any other children in the future due to the cathartic effect. 
D)  Terrence's overall aggression will decline, and he will become a model child at home, in the neighborhood, and at school.

Question 12

In a psychology class, the students have to turn in a topic report every two weeks. Typically, they get in a writing frenzy a couple of days before the report is due; then they do not write anything until right before the next due date. This pattern of responding illustrates the partial reinforcement schedule known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a psychology class, the students have...

Question 13

You condition a person to blink each time you play a particular mid-level note on a piano by delivering a puff of air to the person's eye. If you then play a very high note or a very low note on the piano and do not deliver the puff of air, the person's blinking will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  remain exactly the same. 
D)  be unpredictable.

Question 14

Any high-frequency response can be used to reinforce a low-frequency response, according to the __________ principle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Any high-frequency response can be used to...

Question 15

Young children may temporarily call all men daddy , much to the embarrassment of their parents, which illustrates operant stimulus __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Young children may temporarily call all men...

Question 16

A young boy has been told by his father not to go near the street. The boy looks at his father and then runs toward the busy street. His father catches the young boy before he makes it to the street and spanks him for this misbehavior. The young boy stops going near the street due to the consequence known as

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  response cost. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment.

Question 17

When April is stressed and wants to relax, she has always reached for a glass of wine. However, she wants to break this use of alcohol as a means of relaxation, so she learns stress management techniques and now uses them when she feels stressed. April is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking up response chains 
B)  cues and antecedents 
C)  alternate responses 
D)  extinction

Question 18

Sieta wants to teach her daughter to say "Please" when she asks for something, so she decides to only comply with her daughter's request for something when her daughter says "Please." Thus, Sieta's compliance to her daughter's request is

Accepted Answer

A)  the conditioned stimulus. 
B)  a token. 
C)  a negative reinforcer. 
D)  response contingent.

Question 19

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to produce moderate response rates in which responding is low following reinforcement, but rapidly increases as the time for the next reinforcer approaches?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval 
B)  fixed ratio 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 20

In behavioral self-management, the activity you want to change is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  goal gradient. 
B)  baseline. 
C)  primary reinforcer. 
D)  target behavior.

Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning