Question 1

Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  microevolution 
B)  preadaptations 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  allometric growth 
E)  allopatric speciation

Question 2

Define paedomorphosis and allometric growth, and briefly explain how each contributes to the process of macroevolution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define paedomorphosis and allometric growth, and briefly...

Question 3

Compare the differences between the biological species concept and the morphological species concept used by Linnaeus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the differences between the biological species...

Question 4

Which was a possible source of high energy on early Earth that likely contributed to the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  redox energy 
B)  gamma radiation 
C)  volcanic activity 
D)  infrared radiation 
E)  geothermal energy

Question 5

Figure 21-1  The theory illustrated by the accompanying figure is used to explain the origin of which organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobes 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  prokaryotes 
D)  protobionts 
E)  vascular plants

Question 6

The first cells were autotrophs,

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which reproductive isolation mechanism explains why a large dog, such as a Newfoundland, would not normally mate with a small dog, such as a Chihuahua?

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual isolation 
B)  gametic isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  behavioral isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 8

Figure 21-2  During which time period did the animal in the accompanying figure appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jurassic 
B)  Triassic 
C)  Permian 
D)  Devonian 
E)  Cretaceous

Question 9

Stromatolites are rocklike columns composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)  protists 
B)  dinoflagellates 
C)  microbial biofilms 
D)  heterotrophic organisms 
E)  photosynthetic eukaryotes

Question 10

Many new species of desert lizards have arisen from a nonnative population which was introduced into the American southwest. This example best describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of climatic change. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  allopatric speciation. 
D)  adaptive radiation. 
E)  microevolution.

Question 11

If a small population of mice colonizes a new area away from the range of the original species, the colony that is geographically isolated may eventually evolve into a new species. These events can be used to describe:

Accepted Answer

A)  hybridization. 
B)  allopolyploidy. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  allopatric speciation. 
E)  sympatric speciation.

Question 12

Which describes the death of an interspecific embryo that failed to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility 
B)  hybrid breakdown 
C)  hybrid inviability 
D)  ecological barriers 
E)  prezygotic isolation

Question 13

What was a significant outcome of the Miller and Urey experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They demonstrated natural selection. 
B)  They were the first to synthesize living cells. 
C)  They proved that life did not originate on Earth. 
D)  They proved that the iron-sulfur world hypothesis was false. 
E)  They synthesized organic molecules from inorganic materials.

Question 14

Which hypothesis states that life developed from nonliving matter?

Accepted Answer

A)  abiotic evolution 
B)  natural selection 
C)  organic evolution 
D)  chemical evolution 
E)  inorganic evolution

Question 15

Which reproductive isolation mechanism is defined by the prevention of genetic exchange between two species because they reproduce at different times of the day or year?

Accepted Answer

A)  diurnal isolation 
B)  sexual isolation 
C)  annual isolation 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 16

Explain why the biological species concept cannot be applied to organisms such as bacteria and some rotifers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why the biological species concept cannot...

Question 17

Hybrid inviability can increase over generations. 
____________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which model would predict the abrupt appearance of a new species in the fossil record, with little or no evidence of intermediate forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  anagenesis 
B)  gradualism 
C)  microevolution 
D)  paedomorphosis 
E)  punctuated equilibrium

Question 19

Vascular plants and air-breathing animals first appeared during which time period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silurian period 
B)  Permian period 
C)  Cambrian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Cretaceous period

Question 20

How was the mechanism of sympatric speciation among hemp nettles in nature verified experimentally?

Accepted Answer

A)  By simply creating unique hybrids under laboratory conditions 
B)  By producing hybrids that were 98% fertile under laboratory conditions 
C)  By producing experimental hybrids that could reproduce successfully with both parent species 
D)  By producing experimental hybrids that formed fertile offspring with the naturally occurring hybrid 
E)  By creating hybrids that reproduced through the F 4 generation before dying from hybrid inviability

Exam 20: Speciation and Macroevolution