Question 1

Ratio strain will occur when too much reinforcement is delivered too quickly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Superstitious behavior refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   the development of desirable stimulus control over pleasant interactions
B)   prompting and shaping techniques to condition superstitions
C)   a positive reinforcer and response being inadvertently associated together
D)   individuals avoiding punishing consequences by not making a response C

Question 3

Martha keeps bugging her mom to buy her some gum while they are standing in line at the  grocery store. Her mom does not appear to hear her. What principle is her mom employing?

Accepted Answer

A)   punishment
B)   forgetting
C)   maintenance
D)   minimization
E)   extinction A

Question 4

Rubbing two sticks together to make fire or burning a hole in a leaf with a magnifying glass are examples of which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)   variable interval
B)   fixed duration
C)   variable ratio
D)   fixed interval
E)   variable duration

Question 5

What is an example of stimulus control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an example of stimulus control?...

Question 6

Murphy is learning how to obtain his teacher's attention. He can either raise his hand, write her a note, yell out, or walk up to her desk. What are all the behaviors that result in Murphy obtaining his teacher's attention called?

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization
B)   response class
C)   positive reinforcement
D)   response extinction
E)   internal validity

Question 7

The buzzer that goes off in your car until you put your seat belt on is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction
B)   punishment
C)   deprivation
D)   spontaneous recovery
E)   negative reinforcement

Question 8

Deprivation refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   the behavior being modified.
B)   withholding a reinforcer for a period of time in order to increase the effectiveness of the  reinforcer.
C)   the gradual removal of discriminative stimuli.
D)   the response being combined with reinforcers from a behavioral chain.

Question 9

For maximum effectiveness, a reinforcer should be given shortly after the desired response occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Stimulus control refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   any antecedent stimuli that alters a response.
B)   any stimuli presented after a behavior occurs.
C)   regulating the amount of stimuli an individual is exposed to at any one time.
D)   any stimuli that, when removed, increases the occurrence of a behavior.

Question 11

Describe the differences between stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the differences between stimulus discrimination and...

Question 12

Demonstrate a way to use either positive reinforcement, shaping, fading, extinction, or stimulus control in the classroom.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Demonstrate a way to use either positive...

Question 13

Jeffery is having fun at a party. He is supposed to be home at midnight. Although he'd like to stay longer, he can't stand the thought of being yelled at by his father, so he comes home on time. What principle is in effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   escape conditioning
B)   stimulus-discrimination conditioning
C)   negative reinforcement
D)   avoidance conditioning

Question 14

Maynard is learning to put on his socks. His father reinforces him when he first grasps his  sock with both hands. He is then reinforced for placing the sock on his toes, then his foot, and finally when he pulls it up his calf. What principle is his father employing?

Accepted Answer

A)   fading
B)   shaping
C)   modeling
D)   weaning
E)   imitation

Question 15

Response differentiation refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   changes in behavior as a function of the passage of time
B)   the process of using a behavior that occurs often to reinforce a behavior that seldom  occurs
C)   the principle that a positive reinforcer for one response, if programmed to follow another response, will  condition the new response
D)   recognition that one member of a response class will be reinforced while other  members will not be reinforced

Question 16

Positive reinforcement refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   some property of a stimuli becoming more different from the response.
B)   any response that prevents the occurrence of a punisher.
C)   any stimuli presented after a behavior occurs that increases the probability of that  behavior occurring in the future.
D)   any stimuli removed after a behavior occurs that increases the probability of that behavior occurring in the future.

Question 17

Melvin's parents have been ignoring his crying when he is put to bed. Melvin has gone five nights without crying. However, on the sixth night he begins to cry when put to bed. What principle may be responsible for Melvin's crying reappearing?

Accepted Answer

A)   forgetting
B)   differential reinforcement
C)   spontaneous recovery
D)   ratio strain
E)   ordinal proximity

Question 18

Stimulus generalization occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)   the individual learns not to emit a behavior in the presence of certain stimuli.
B)   the individual responds in a similar manner to different stimuli.
C)   the individual decreases his or her response after being transferred to another setting.
D)   the individual learns to respond differently in different situations.

Question 19

Explain the term avoidance conditioning and how it relates to student behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the term avoidance conditioning and how...

Question 20

A response whose frequency has been increased through positive reinforcement is said to have been conditioned.

Accepted Answer